Hacia una solución proporcional y tuitiva en los procesos de cuestionamiento de la paternidad en el Perú
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2019-02-14
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Durante siglos la familia se centraba en los vínculos jurídicos derivados del matrimonio,
pero ante los cambios sociales actuales se ha puesto en discusión la prevalencia entre
los vínculos jurídicos y los vínculos biológicos, por ello, en países como Argentina, Chile,
Ecuador y Colombia se han emitido sentencias que privilegian a la verdad biológica;
mientras que en otros casos, en estos mismos países se ha rechazado la demanda
porque se privilegió el estado de familia, la estabilidad emocional, la seguridad jurídica y
afectiva del niño o la relación socioafectiva. Situación que al parecer se encuentra más
definida en nuestro país, en donde a pesar de contar con normas legales muy restrictivas
para el cuestionamiento de la paternidad; no obstante, nuestros jueces han optado por la
defensa irrestricta del derecho a la verdad biológica, posición que no compartimos en la
presente investigación, en donde consideramos que debemos partir de la función tuitiva
reconocida en el Tercer Pleno Casatorio Civil para darle el enfoque humano que requiere
el proceso judicial de cuestionamiento de la paternidad, por otro lado, señalamos que no
hay un conflicto entre la verdad biológica con la filiación social, afectiva o de crianza, ya
que ambos forman parte de un mismo derecho fundamental que es el derecho a la
identidad. En tal sentido, el problema no puede solucionarse con la ponderación de alguno
de los derechos, sino que se debe buscar la solución en base al interés superior del niño/a
y adolescente, el cual nos obliga a escuchar/tomar en consideración la opinión de los
niños/as y adolescentes para garantizar que ellos sean tratados como sujetos de
derechos, además de analizar la posibilidad de que la búsqueda de la verdad biológica
no conlleve la aplicación de todos los derechos inherentes a la patria potestad y que se
pueda prolongar la obligación alimenticia hasta que el menor de edad encuentre a su
padre biológico
For centuries, the family focused on the legal ties derived from marriage, but in the face of current social changes, the prevalence of legal ties and biological ties has been discussed, for which reason, in countries such as Argentina, Chile, Ecuador and Colombia, they have issued sentences that privilege biological truth; while in other cases, in these same countries the demand has been rejected because the family status, emotional stability, legal and affective security of the child or the socio-affective relationship were privileged. Situation that seems to be more defined in our country, where in spite of having very restrictive legal norms for the questioning of paternity; However, our judges have opted for the unrestricted defense of the right to biological truth, a position that we do not share in the present investigation, where we consider that we should start from the tuition function recognized in the Third Civil Casatory Plenary to give it the human focus that requires the judicial process of questioning paternity, on the other hand, we point out that there is no conflict between biological truth with social, affective or parenting affiliation, since both are part of the same fundamental right that is the right to identity. In this sense, the problem can not be solved with the weighting of any of the rights, but the solution must be sought based on the best interests of the child and adolescent, which forces us to listen / take into consideration the opinion of the children. children and adolescents to ensure that they are treated as subjects of rights, in addition to analyzing the possibility that the search for biological truth does not entail the application of all rights inherent to parental authority and that the maintenance obligation may be prolonged until the minor finds his biological father.
For centuries, the family focused on the legal ties derived from marriage, but in the face of current social changes, the prevalence of legal ties and biological ties has been discussed, for which reason, in countries such as Argentina, Chile, Ecuador and Colombia, they have issued sentences that privilege biological truth; while in other cases, in these same countries the demand has been rejected because the family status, emotional stability, legal and affective security of the child or the socio-affective relationship were privileged. Situation that seems to be more defined in our country, where in spite of having very restrictive legal norms for the questioning of paternity; However, our judges have opted for the unrestricted defense of the right to biological truth, a position that we do not share in the present investigation, where we consider that we should start from the tuition function recognized in the Third Civil Casatory Plenary to give it the human focus that requires the judicial process of questioning paternity, on the other hand, we point out that there is no conflict between biological truth with social, affective or parenting affiliation, since both are part of the same fundamental right that is the right to identity. In this sense, the problem can not be solved with the weighting of any of the rights, but the solution must be sought based on the best interests of the child and adolescent, which forces us to listen / take into consideration the opinion of the children. children and adolescents to ensure that they are treated as subjects of rights, in addition to analyzing the possibility that the search for biological truth does not entail the application of all rights inherent to parental authority and that the maintenance obligation may be prolonged until the minor finds his biological father.
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Paternidad (Derecho), Pruebas de paternidad, Filiación (Derecho)--Legislación--Perú, Niños--Legislación--Perú, Niños--Derechos--Perú
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