La cosa juzgada y su inmutabilidad: problemas conceptuales y una aproximación al estudio de un sistema de estabilidades procesales
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2022-09-23
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La institución de la cosa juzgada desde sus estudios iniciales demuestra ser una institución
muy compleja y amplia. Sin perjuicio de ello, partiendo de una mirada teórico-procesal sobre
la cosa juzgada y su regulación y aplicación en el sistema peruano, este trabajo se orienta a
cuestionar la característica de “inmutabilidad” de la cosa juzgada. Para ello, mostrando
diversos mecanismos procesales que llevan a concluir la posibilidad de revisar una resolución
con autoridad de cosa juzgada en el proceso judicial, se optará por defender que la
“inmutabilidad” no es una propiedad el concepto de cosa juzgada, y sí más bien el de “alto
grado de estabilidad”.
Acto seguido, identificaremos la dimensiones estática y dinámica de la seguridad jurídica,
buscando mostrar que la teoría de la cosa juzgada como inmutabilidad se muestra más
coherente con la primera de ellas, pero ya no con la segunda. Así, a partir de la comprensión
de la seguridad jurídica desde la dimensión dinámica, se concluye que la estabilidad
proporcionada por la cosa juzgada quedaría relativizada y, en ese sentido, se analiza
críticamente la teoría de Antonio do Passo Cabral, quien propone una renuncia a la
inmutabilidad de la cosa juzgada y opta por postular un sistema de estabilidades que,
obedeciendo a determinadas circunstancias y necesidades establecidas en la ley, demostraría
la posibilidad de cuestionar una decisión con cosa juzgada en virtud de una continuidad
jurídica dinámica y flexible.
The institution of res judicata from its initial studies proves to be a very complex and broad institution, going through the analysis of the authors who dedicated important contributions to it until its application in our Peruvian system. Notwithstanding, the present work, starting from a theoretical-procedural view on res judicata, and its regulation and application in the Peruvian system, is oriented to question the character of "immutability" of res judicata. To this end, showing various procedural mechanisms that lead to the conclusion of the possibility of reviewing a resolution with res judicata authority in the judicial process, we will stress that "immutability" is no longer a property of the concept “res judicata”, but instead of this, it is more correct to talk about a "high degree of stability". Following that, the static and dynamic dimensions of legal certainty will be identified, seeking to show that the theory of res judicata as immutability is more consistent with the former, but no longer with the latter. Thus, based on the understanding of legal certainty from the dynamic dimension, it is concluded that the stability provided by res judicata would be relativized and, in this sense, the theory of Antonio do Passo Cabral is critically analyzed, who proposes a renunciation of the immutability of res judicata and chooses to postulate a system of stabilities that, obeying certain circumstances and needs established in the law, would demonstrate the possibility of challenging a decision with res judicata by virtue of a dynamic and flexible legal continuity
The institution of res judicata from its initial studies proves to be a very complex and broad institution, going through the analysis of the authors who dedicated important contributions to it until its application in our Peruvian system. Notwithstanding, the present work, starting from a theoretical-procedural view on res judicata, and its regulation and application in the Peruvian system, is oriented to question the character of "immutability" of res judicata. To this end, showing various procedural mechanisms that lead to the conclusion of the possibility of reviewing a resolution with res judicata authority in the judicial process, we will stress that "immutability" is no longer a property of the concept “res judicata”, but instead of this, it is more correct to talk about a "high degree of stability". Following that, the static and dynamic dimensions of legal certainty will be identified, seeking to show that the theory of res judicata as immutability is more consistent with the former, but no longer with the latter. Thus, based on the understanding of legal certainty from the dynamic dimension, it is concluded that the stability provided by res judicata would be relativized and, in this sense, the theory of Antonio do Passo Cabral is critically analyzed, who proposes a renunciation of the immutability of res judicata and chooses to postulate a system of stabilities that, obeying certain circumstances and needs established in the law, would demonstrate the possibility of challenging a decision with res judicata by virtue of a dynamic and flexible legal continuity
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Cosa juzgada--Perú--Aspectos jurídicos, Derecho procesal--Perú, Seguridad (Derecho)--Perú
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item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
item.page.supplemented
item.page.referenced
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