Del sufragio femenino a la paridad de género: Un largo camino en busca de la igualdad en política
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2023-06-14
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La participación política es un derecho que asisten a todas las personas. Esta,
está bajo el paraguas de la igualdad, como principio fundamental de las
sociedades democráticas. Sin embargo, este derecho ha sido desconocido
históricamente para las mujeres que, si bien cada vez tiene una mayor
participación, hasta la actualidad no gozan plenamente del mismo y evidencian
que brechas que persisten a lo largo del tiempo. Con la finalidad de acorta esas
brechas en el mundo y en el Perú se han aprobado medidas de acción afirmativa
desde la década de los 90s. En el caso peruano, las cuotas de género aprobadas
se aplican desde el año 2000 sin embargo, a pesar de estas, no se ha logrado
tener una representación equitativa, y las mujeres se han mantenido en niveles
de subrepresentación a pesar de la norma. En 2019 se aprobó la paridad y
alternancia junto con otras reformas políticas con el objetivo de incrementar la
representación femenina e intentar llegar a una representación más igualitaria.
La hipótesis plante que las reformas políticas aprobadas referidas a la ubicación
en las listas (alternancia), así como a la prohibición de contratar propaganda en
medios de comunicación, han tenido un impactado positivo en la elección de
mujeres parlamentarias. El trabajo concluye que, si bien estas normas han
mostrado un alto nivel de efectividad, aún existen otros factores que impiden que
las mujeres puedan gozar plenamente sus derechos políticos.
Political participation is a right to which all people are entitled. It falls under the umbrella of equality, as a fundamental principle of democratic societies. Historically, however, this right has been unknown to women, who, despite having ever greater participation, still do not fully enjoy it, a fact reflected in gaps that persist over time. In an effort to close these gaps in the world and in Peru, beginning in the 1990s, affirmative action measures have been approved. In Peru, approved gender quotas have been implemented since 2000; nevertheless, equal representation has not been achieved and women have remained underrepresented. In 2019, parity and alternation were approved, along with other political reforms, with the goal of increasing female representation and achieving more equitable representation. The hypothesis posed in this paper is that political reforms related to candidate positions on lists (alternation), as well as prohibitions on contracting political advertising in the media, have had a positive impact on the election of women parliamentarians. The paper concludes, however, that although these norms have been highly effective, other factors persist that prevent women from fully enjoying their political rights.
Political participation is a right to which all people are entitled. It falls under the umbrella of equality, as a fundamental principle of democratic societies. Historically, however, this right has been unknown to women, who, despite having ever greater participation, still do not fully enjoy it, a fact reflected in gaps that persist over time. In an effort to close these gaps in the world and in Peru, beginning in the 1990s, affirmative action measures have been approved. In Peru, approved gender quotas have been implemented since 2000; nevertheless, equal representation has not been achieved and women have remained underrepresented. In 2019, parity and alternation were approved, along with other political reforms, with the goal of increasing female representation and achieving more equitable representation. The hypothesis posed in this paper is that political reforms related to candidate positions on lists (alternation), as well as prohibitions on contracting political advertising in the media, have had a positive impact on the election of women parliamentarians. The paper concludes, however, that although these norms have been highly effective, other factors persist that prevent women from fully enjoying their political rights.
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Igualdad de oportunidades--Perú, Género--Perú, Participación política--Perú, Derechos políticos--Perú, Igualdad de género--Perú, Gobierno representativo--Perú, Mujeres--Sufragio--Perú
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