Conocimiento sobre la conciencia fonológica del docente del nivel inicial y el nivel alcanzado de la misma en niños de 5 años de instituciones educativas públicas del distrito de Surquillo.
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Date
2018-02-08
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación busca que el docente tome conciencia sobre el
rol que cumple como mediador en el desarrollo de la conciencia fonológica en sus
estudiantes. Es decir, este estudio pone énfasis en la importancia que poseen los
profesores para el desarrollo de la conciencia fonológica de sus estudiantes. Tal
como lo mencionan diversos estudios, los conocimientos sobre la conciencia
fonológica de los docentes no son homogéneos, encontrándose en niveles altos y
bajos al igual que sus estudiantes, los cuales afectan el aprendizaje de la
conciencia fonológica y la lecto escritura. Se sabe que la conciencia fonológica es
una habilidad metalingüística que debe ser enseñada intencionalmente, ya que no
se adquiere de forma innata; por lo tanto, es necesario enfocarse en el rol que
realiza el maestro y la repercusión sobre el aprendizaje de la lecto-escritura en sus
estudiantes.
El objetivo principal de esta tesis es conocer la influencia del
conocimiento docente en el aprendizaje de las habilidades prelectoras,
específicamente la conciencia fonológica. Para esto, se establece la correlación
entre el nivel de conocimiento sobre conciencia fonológica que poseen los
docentes del nivel inicial y el nivel alcanzado de sus niños de 5 años en
Instituciones Educativas Públicas del Distrito de Surquillo.
La muestra está conformada por 20 profesoras a cargo de las aulas de 5
años, de cada aula se eligieron aleatoriamente 10 de sus alumnos, los cuales
conforman una muestra de 200 estudiantes.
Con la finalidad de correlacionar los niveles de conocimientos respecto a
la conciencia fonológica, se elabora, valida y aplica un cuestionario para docentes
que busca conocer el nivel que ellas poseen, a su vez se aplica el Test de
Habilidades Metalingüísticas (THM) a sus alumnos con la finalidad de medir
dicho conocimiento en ellos.
Al procesar los resultados, se encontró que el 50% de los docentes
evaluados se localizan en un nivel elemental sobre el conocimiento de la
conciencia fonológica, situándose por debajo de los puntajes aceptables. Mientras
que en los niños se observa que el 52 %, también, se encuentra en un nivel
elemental. De lo cual se infiere que existe una gran parte de docentes y estudiantes
requieren refuerzo en el desarrollo de esta habilidad metalingüística.
Al analizar los resultados, se encuentra que no existe una correlación
significativa entre el conocimiento que poseen los docentes acerca de la
conciencia fonológica y el desarrollo que poseen sus estudiantes. No se
encuentran resultados significativos que aseguren una relación directa, ya que se
evidencian resultados heterogéneos en el caso de los estudiantes.
The present research seeks that the teacher becomes aware of the role he plays as a mediator in the development of phonological awareness in his students. That is, this study emphasizes the importance that teachers have for the development of phonological awareness of their students. As mentioned by several studies, the knowledge about the phonological awareness of teachers is not homogeneous, being at high and low levels as well as their students, which affect the learning of phonological awareness and reading. It is known that phonological awareness is a metalinguistic skill that must be taught intentionally, since it is not acquired in an innate way; therefore, it is necessary to focus on the role played by the teacher and the impact on the learning of reading and writing in their students. The main objective of this thesis is to know the influence of teaching knowledge in the learning of pre-reading skills, specifically phonological awareness. For this, the correlation is established between the level of knowledge about phonological awareness that teachers have at the initial level and the level reached of their children of 5 years in Public Educational Institutions of the District of Surquillo. The sample consists of 20 teachers in charge of the classrooms of 5 years, from each classroom are randomly chosen 10 of their students, which make up a sample of 200 students. In order to correlate the levels of knowledge regarding phonological awareness, a questionnaire for teachers that seeks to know the level they have is prepared, validated and applied, in turn the Metalinguistic Skills Test (THM) is applied to their students with the purpose of measuring said knowledge in them. When processing the results, it was found that 50% of the teachers evaluated are located at an elementary level on knowledge of phonological awareness, ranking below acceptable scores. While in children it is observed that 52%, also, is at an elementary level. From which it is inferred that there is a large part of teachers and students require reinforcement in the development of this metalinguistic ability. When analyzing the results, it is found that there is no significant correlation between the knowledge that teachers have about phonological awareness and the development that their students have. There are no significant results that ensure a direct relationship, since heterogeneous results are evident in the case of students.
The present research seeks that the teacher becomes aware of the role he plays as a mediator in the development of phonological awareness in his students. That is, this study emphasizes the importance that teachers have for the development of phonological awareness of their students. As mentioned by several studies, the knowledge about the phonological awareness of teachers is not homogeneous, being at high and low levels as well as their students, which affect the learning of phonological awareness and reading. It is known that phonological awareness is a metalinguistic skill that must be taught intentionally, since it is not acquired in an innate way; therefore, it is necessary to focus on the role played by the teacher and the impact on the learning of reading and writing in their students. The main objective of this thesis is to know the influence of teaching knowledge in the learning of pre-reading skills, specifically phonological awareness. For this, the correlation is established between the level of knowledge about phonological awareness that teachers have at the initial level and the level reached of their children of 5 years in Public Educational Institutions of the District of Surquillo. The sample consists of 20 teachers in charge of the classrooms of 5 years, from each classroom are randomly chosen 10 of their students, which make up a sample of 200 students. In order to correlate the levels of knowledge regarding phonological awareness, a questionnaire for teachers that seeks to know the level they have is prepared, validated and applied, in turn the Metalinguistic Skills Test (THM) is applied to their students with the purpose of measuring said knowledge in them. When processing the results, it was found that 50% of the teachers evaluated are located at an elementary level on knowledge of phonological awareness, ranking below acceptable scores. While in children it is observed that 52%, also, is at an elementary level. From which it is inferred that there is a large part of teachers and students require reinforcement in the development of this metalinguistic ability. When analyzing the results, it is found that there is no significant correlation between the knowledge that teachers have about phonological awareness and the development that their students have. There are no significant results that ensure a direct relationship, since heterogeneous results are evident in the case of students.
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Keywords
Fonología, Niños--Lenguaje, Adquisición del lenguaje, Personal docente
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