Informe Jurídico sobre la Sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional emitida en el Expediente No. 01735-2008-PA/TC (Caso Shougang Hierro Perú S.A.A.)
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2023-03-01
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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En el presente informe, se realiza un análisis crítico de la STC No. 01735-2008-PA/TC,
por el cual se declaró fundada la demanda de amparo interpuesta por Shougang y, en
consecuencia, inaplique la Ordenanza Municipal No. 006-2007-A/MPN, aprobado por la
Municipalidad Provincial de Nasca.
Mediante dicha ordenanza, se aprobó la actualización del Plan de Desarrollo Urbano del
Distrito de Marcona (Nasca, Ica), a través de la cual se calificó determinadas áreas –
donde se encontraban ubicadas concesiones mineras de titularidad de Shougang –
como urbanas, lo cual significó una restricción a Shougang de realizar cualquier
actividad minera en dichas áreas.
Sin embargo, se advierte que el referido PDU no cumplió con el procedimiento
preestablecido por ley para su aprobación, tomando en cuenta lo regulado,
principalmente, en la Ley Orgánica de Municipalidades, la Ley 27015, modificada por la
Ley 27560 y el Reglamento de Acondicionamiento Territorial y Desarrollo Urbano. Pero,
además, la Ordenanza significaría una vulneración al derecho de propiedad de
Shougang y, concretamente, un supuesto de expropiación indirecta el cual se encuentra
proscrito.
Pese a ello, el TC no resolvió en virtud de los derechos invocados por Shougang, sino
que optó por declarar que existió una afectación a la libertad contractual (pese a que no
fue alegado). Si bien la decisión del TC fue correcta al declarar fundada la demanda, lo
cierto es que se basó en una afectación a la libertad contractual, que, si bien es afectada
en este caso, en realidad las consideraciones señaladas por el TC son incorrectas.
In this report, a critical analysis of STC No. 01735-2008-PA/TC es carried out, by which the amparo lawsuit filed by Shougang was declared founded and, consequently, the Municipal Ordinance No. 006-2007, approved by the Provincial Municipality of Nazca, is not applied. Through said ordinance, the update of the Urban Development Plan of Marcona’s District (Nazca, Ica) was approved, through which certain areas - where mining concessions owned by Shougang were located - were classified as urban, which meant a restriction on Shougang from carrying out any mining activities in such areas. However, it is noted that the aforementioned PDU did not comply with the procedure pre- established by law for its approval, taking into account what is regulated, mainly, in the Organic Law of Municipalities, Law 27015, modified by Law 27560 and the Regulation of Territorial Conditioning and Urban Development. But, in addition, the Ordinance meant a violation of Shougang's property right and, specifically, a case of indirect expropriation which is outlawed. Despite this, the TC did not decide by virtue of the rights invoked by Shougang, but instead chose to declare that there was an affectation of contractual freedom (despite the fact that it was not alleged). Although the decision of the TC was correct in declaring the claim founded, the truth is that it was based on an affectation of contractual freedom, which, although it is affected in this case, the fact is that the considerations indicated by the TC are incorrect.
In this report, a critical analysis of STC No. 01735-2008-PA/TC es carried out, by which the amparo lawsuit filed by Shougang was declared founded and, consequently, the Municipal Ordinance No. 006-2007, approved by the Provincial Municipality of Nazca, is not applied. Through said ordinance, the update of the Urban Development Plan of Marcona’s District (Nazca, Ica) was approved, through which certain areas - where mining concessions owned by Shougang were located - were classified as urban, which meant a restriction on Shougang from carrying out any mining activities in such areas. However, it is noted that the aforementioned PDU did not comply with the procedure pre- established by law for its approval, taking into account what is regulated, mainly, in the Organic Law of Municipalities, Law 27015, modified by Law 27560 and the Regulation of Territorial Conditioning and Urban Development. But, in addition, the Ordinance meant a violation of Shougang's property right and, specifically, a case of indirect expropriation which is outlawed. Despite this, the TC did not decide by virtue of the rights invoked by Shougang, but instead chose to declare that there was an affectation of contractual freedom (despite the fact that it was not alleged). Although the decision of the TC was correct in declaring the claim founded, the truth is that it was based on an affectation of contractual freedom, which, although it is affected in this case, the fact is that the considerations indicated by the TC are incorrect.
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Desarrollo urbano--Marcona (Ica : Distrito), Acción de amparo, Debido proceso--Perú, Expropiación--Aspectos legales