Informe jurídico sobre la Sentencia Nº 00943-2016-PA/TC
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2021-08-21
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Las nuevas tecnologías de la información y comunicación han influenciado la forma de
comunicarnos, así como las relaciones de trabajo. Es decir, el empleador proporciona las
herramientas digitales necesarias para que el trabajador realice sus labores; sin embargo,
estarían siendo utilizadas, al mismo tiempo, para fines personales.
Este informe profesional analiza el recurso de agravio constitucional presentado por un
trabajador que fue despedido por la supuesta comisión de una falta grave (uso de
información reservada de la empresa), tras haber el empleador accedido a una
conversación de Facebook entre el demandante y una compañera de trabajo. El trabajador
alegó la vulneración de su derecho al secreto y a la inviolabilidad de las comunicaciones,
mientras que el empleador se amparó en el ejercicio de sus facultades de fiscalización y
sanción.
Al respecto, nuestra jurisprudencia sostiene que toda información obtenida de la
intervención al chat virtual o a los correos electrónicos institucionales y privados, sin
madato motivado del juez, es inconstitucional y carece de efectos legales. Por lo que,
habría que diferenciar entre los medios tecnológicos de propiedad del trabajador y los de
propiedad del empleador, siendo estos últimos objeto de fiscalización por la finalidad con
la que son entregadas.
Por lo tanto, en el presente informe, se pretende analizar las principales controversias
jurídicas identificadas, exponer una posición sobre lo resuelto por el Tribunal
Constitucional y brindar algunas recomendaciones, recurriendo, para ello, a doctrina,
legislación, jurisprudencia, documentos técnicos-legales y a los fundamentos de la
posición minoritaria del Pleno de sentencia.
The new information and communication technologies have influenced the way we communicate, as well as work relationships. In other words, the employer provides the digital tools necessary for the worker to carry out their work; however, they would be being used, at the same time, for personal purposes. This professional report analyzes the constitutional complaint filed by a worker who was fired for the alleged commission of a serious misconduct (use of confidential company information), after the employer accessed a Facebook conversation between the plaintiff and a colleague of work. The worker alleged the violation of his right to secrecy and inviolability of communications, while the employer relied on the exercise of its powers of inspection and sanction. In this regard, our jurisprudence holds that all information obtained from the intervention of virtual chat or institutional and private emails, without a reasoned order from the judge, is unconstitutional and lacks legal effects. Therefore, it would be necessary to differentiate between the technological means owned by the worker and those owned by the employer, the latter being the object of control for the purpose for which they are delivered. Therefore, in this report, it is intended to analyze the main legal controversies identified, present a position on what was resolved by the Tribunal Constitucional and provide some recommendations, resorting, for this, to doctrine, legislation, jurisprudence, technicallegal documents and the fundamentals of the minority position of the plenary session.
The new information and communication technologies have influenced the way we communicate, as well as work relationships. In other words, the employer provides the digital tools necessary for the worker to carry out their work; however, they would be being used, at the same time, for personal purposes. This professional report analyzes the constitutional complaint filed by a worker who was fired for the alleged commission of a serious misconduct (use of confidential company information), after the employer accessed a Facebook conversation between the plaintiff and a colleague of work. The worker alleged the violation of his right to secrecy and inviolability of communications, while the employer relied on the exercise of its powers of inspection and sanction. In this regard, our jurisprudence holds that all information obtained from the intervention of virtual chat or institutional and private emails, without a reasoned order from the judge, is unconstitutional and lacks legal effects. Therefore, it would be necessary to differentiate between the technological means owned by the worker and those owned by the employer, the latter being the object of control for the purpose for which they are delivered. Therefore, in this report, it is intended to analyze the main legal controversies identified, present a position on what was resolved by the Tribunal Constitucional and provide some recommendations, resorting, for this, to doctrine, legislation, jurisprudence, technicallegal documents and the fundamentals of the minority position of the plenary session.
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Derecho laboral--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Derecho a la intimidad--Perú, Redes sociales, Despido de empleados