La diligente identificación de riesgos en los Programas de Criminal Compliance : ¿se deben incorporar los conocimientos especiales al diseñar un modelo de prevención penal empresarial?
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2022-02-21
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
En esta investigación afirmamos que los individuos y las organizaciones empresariales
tienen el deber general de actuar diligentemente con la finalidad de no lesionar a los
demás en su vida, patrimonio y otras instituciones creadas para la convivencia pacífica.
Para ello, las conductas que – por su propia naturaleza – ponen en riesgo bienes
jurídicos deben adecuarse a lo prescrito por las normas estatales y, cuando estas no
resultan suficiente por la especialidad de la materia, al propio expertis que brinda el
oficio o desarrollo del ejercicio profesional. A estos conocimientos que se gestan en la
práctica de la profesión u oficio se denominan “conocimientos especiales”.
Entre los escenarios más proclives a la formulación de conocimientos especiales se
encuentran las actividades económicas de carácter empresarial, resultando muy
limitada la capacidad del Estado para regular sus alcances de forma plena. Esto ha
llevado a que los privados busquen autorregularse. Siendo este contexto favorable para
plantear la pregunta de la presente investigación: ¿deben los privados utilizar sus
conocimientos especiales en la fase de inicial de elaboración de un modelo de
prevención de delitos de una organización para asegurar su futura eficacia como
eximente conforme al artículo 17 de la Ley 30424 y sus modificatorias?
Concluimos afirmando que la autorregulación capaz de exonerar de cargos penales
supone una elevación del estándar de control respecto a lo previsto por la normativa
estatal. Por tanto, creemos obligatorio incluir a los conocimientos especiales en el
trabajo de identificación de riesgos penales de las empresas.
In this investigation, we affirm that individuals and business organizations have the general duty to act diligently in order to avoid damaging other’s lives or patrimony besides other institutions created to maintain for peaceful convivence. To achieve this goal, kind of behaviour that – for ich own nature – put legal assets in risk must be adapted to fulfil state standards and, when these are not sufficient due the specificity of the matter, to the expertise provided by the trade or development of the professional practice. The knowledge that arises from the practice of the profession is called "special knowledge". Among the most likely scenarios for the generation of special knowledge we can find economic activities with business nature. Here, the State has a very limited capacity to fully regulate and this has led the private sector to seek self-regulation. Given this situation, we can raise the question of the present research: ¿Should private sector use their special knowledge in the initial phase of developing a crime prevention model of an organization to ensure its future effectiveness as an exemption under Article 17 of Law 30424 and its amendments? We conclude by stating that self-regulation capable of dismiss legal charges carries an increase the standard of control above the said statal regulations. Therefore, it is mandatory that special knowledge is included in the work of identifying criminal risks in companies.
In this investigation, we affirm that individuals and business organizations have the general duty to act diligently in order to avoid damaging other’s lives or patrimony besides other institutions created to maintain for peaceful convivence. To achieve this goal, kind of behaviour that – for ich own nature – put legal assets in risk must be adapted to fulfil state standards and, when these are not sufficient due the specificity of the matter, to the expertise provided by the trade or development of the professional practice. The knowledge that arises from the practice of the profession is called "special knowledge". Among the most likely scenarios for the generation of special knowledge we can find economic activities with business nature. Here, the State has a very limited capacity to fully regulate and this has led the private sector to seek self-regulation. Given this situation, we can raise the question of the present research: ¿Should private sector use their special knowledge in the initial phase of developing a crime prevention model of an organization to ensure its future effectiveness as an exemption under Article 17 of Law 30424 and its amendments? We conclude by stating that self-regulation capable of dismiss legal charges carries an increase the standard of control above the said statal regulations. Therefore, it is mandatory that special knowledge is included in the work of identifying criminal risks in companies.
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Derecho empresarial--Perú, Responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas--Perú, Personas jurídicas--Responsabilidad penal--Perú
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