Informe Jurídico sobre la Casación 9234-2016-Del Santa
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2023-08-08
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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En el presente informe jurídico, el autor analiza los problemas jurídicos
identificados con respecto a la Casación Laboral 9234-2016-Del Santa, la cual
se refiere al caso concreto de un trabajador que se encontraba, fuera de su
jornada laboral, en comisión de servicios, e ingirió bebidas alcohólicas dentro del
vehículo de la empresa, cuando estaba retornando de la comisión; de tal forma
que su empleador lo cesa por la falta grave contemplada en el inciso e) del
artículo 25° de la LPCL.
De tal forma que, la Corte Suprema – que conoció el caso mediante recurso de
casación interpuesto – declaro fundado la demanda por reposición por despido
fraudulento; sin embargo, consideramos que han existido ciertos problemas que
no han sido referenciados en el citado pronunciamiento.
Los cuales se derivan de la configuración de la duración de la comisión de
servicios y que implica dicha figura; asimismo, de los límites a la potestad
fiscalizadora del empleador con respecto a los trabajadores que han concluido
su jornada laboral. Sin embargo, el principal punto de referencia será aquel
correspondiente a analizar si en realidad nos encontramos ante un despido
fraudulento o ante otra clase de despido. Para lo cual, hemos consultado
diversas fuentes doctrinarias, una pluralidad de instrumentos normativos, tales
como legislación nacional, la Constitución y los diversos Convenios de la OIT.
De lo cual concluimos que, aun cuando no se ha cumplido con la
proporcionalidad y razonabilidad de la sanción, configurándose un despido
injustificado; esto no conlleva al establecimiento de un despido fraudulento, cuya
fundamentación y análisis se basa en el ánimo perverso y auspiciado por el
engaño del empleador.
In this legal report, the author analyzes the identified legal issues regarding Labor Cassation 9234-2016-Del Santa, which pertains to the specific case of an employee who, outside working hours, was on a service mission and consumed alcoholic beverages inside the company vehicle while returning from the mission. As a result, the employer terminated his employment due to the serious misconduct contemplated in section e) of Article 25° of the LPCL. Consequently, the Supreme Court, which heard the case through the filed cassation appeal, ruled in favor of the claim for reinstatement based on wrongful dismissal. However, we believe that certain issues have not been addressed in the aforementioned decision. These issues stem from the configuration of the duration of the service mission and its implications, as well as the limits to the employer's supervisory authority over employees who have completed their working hours. However, the main point of reference will be to determine whether we are truly dealing with a case of fraudulent dismissal or another type of dismissal. For this purpose, we have consulted various doctrinal sources and a range of normative instruments, such as national legislation, the Constitution, and the various ILO Conventions. Based on this, we conclude that even though the sanction lacks proportionality and reasonableness, thus constituting an unjustified dismissal, it does not amount to establishing a fraudulent dismissal, which is based on malicious intent and deception on the part of the employer.
In this legal report, the author analyzes the identified legal issues regarding Labor Cassation 9234-2016-Del Santa, which pertains to the specific case of an employee who, outside working hours, was on a service mission and consumed alcoholic beverages inside the company vehicle while returning from the mission. As a result, the employer terminated his employment due to the serious misconduct contemplated in section e) of Article 25° of the LPCL. Consequently, the Supreme Court, which heard the case through the filed cassation appeal, ruled in favor of the claim for reinstatement based on wrongful dismissal. However, we believe that certain issues have not been addressed in the aforementioned decision. These issues stem from the configuration of the duration of the service mission and its implications, as well as the limits to the employer's supervisory authority over employees who have completed their working hours. However, the main point of reference will be to determine whether we are truly dealing with a case of fraudulent dismissal or another type of dismissal. For this purpose, we have consulted various doctrinal sources and a range of normative instruments, such as national legislation, the Constitution, and the various ILO Conventions. Based on this, we conclude that even though the sanction lacks proportionality and reasonableness, thus constituting an unjustified dismissal, it does not amount to establishing a fraudulent dismissal, which is based on malicious intent and deception on the part of the employer.
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Recurso de casación--Perú, Despido de empleados--Perú, Alcoholismo y empleo, Derecho laboral--Perú
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