La infracción de deber vs la vulnerabilidad del bien jurídico en el delito de Peculado: Análisis del R.N Nº 615-2015-LIMA
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2021-08-16
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente trabajo académico tiene como objetivo principal el análisis de la autoría y
participación en el delito de peculado doloso desde la posición de la Corte Suprema del
Perú en el Recurso de Nulidad Nº 615-2015, sobre el cual versa el proceso penal seguido
contra Alberto Fujimori Fujimori por haber ordenado el desvío de fondos públicos al
Servicio de Inteligencia Nacional (SIN) para la compra de diversos titulares de diarios
nacionales, llamados “Diarios Chicha”, con el fin de favorecerlo en su campaña de
reelección presidencial.
Respecto a ello, la Corte Suprema determina que Alberto Fujimori Fujimori no puede ser
autor del delito de peculado, dado que como delito de infracción de deber requiere la
existencia de un deber positivo institucionalizado que lo vincule a ello, en ese sentido, en
su condición de Presidente de la República, no presenta ningún deber establecido respecto
a la adminstración o custodia de los caudales del SIN.
La metodología empleada requirió la revisión y análisis de jurisprudencia nacional, así
como de doctrina extranjera y nacional relevante para la materia tratada. Tras el desarrollo
se concluye que dada la postura asumida por el Tribunal Supremo siempre tendríamos
que remitirnos a un deber específico indentificado que le compete al funcionario público
para ser imputado como autor de peculado. No obstante, esta posición no resulta la más
adecuada y genera que se vuelva una imputación administrativa de un delito y no sea
coherente con la protección de bienes jurídicos establecida en nuestro ordenamiento
penal.
The main objective of this academic paper is the analysis of the authorship and participation in the crime of intentional “embezzlement” from the position of the Supreme Court of Peru in the Nullity Appeal Nº 615-2015, which is the subject of the criminal proceedings against Alberto Fujimori Fujimori for having ordered the diversion of public funds to the National Intelligence Service (SIN) for the purchase of various headlines in national newspapers, called "Diarios Chicha", in order to favor him in his presidential reelection campaign. In this regard, the Supreme Court determines that Alberto Fujimori Fujimori cannot be the perpetrator of the crime of “embezzlement”, since as a crime of breach of duty he requires the existence of a positive institutionalized duty that links him to it, in this sense, as President of the Republic, it does not present any established duty regarding the administration or custody of SIN funds. The methodology used required the review and analysis of national jurisprudence, as well as foreign and national doctrine relevant to the subject matter. After the development it is concluded that given the position taken by the Supreme Court we would always have to refer to an identified specific duty that belongs to the public official to be charged as the perpetrator of “embezzlement”. However, this position is not the most ADE and generates that it becomes an administrative imputation of a crime and is not consistent with the protection of legal assets established in our penal system.
The main objective of this academic paper is the analysis of the authorship and participation in the crime of intentional “embezzlement” from the position of the Supreme Court of Peru in the Nullity Appeal Nº 615-2015, which is the subject of the criminal proceedings against Alberto Fujimori Fujimori for having ordered the diversion of public funds to the National Intelligence Service (SIN) for the purchase of various headlines in national newspapers, called "Diarios Chicha", in order to favor him in his presidential reelection campaign. In this regard, the Supreme Court determines that Alberto Fujimori Fujimori cannot be the perpetrator of the crime of “embezzlement”, since as a crime of breach of duty he requires the existence of a positive institutionalized duty that links him to it, in this sense, as President of the Republic, it does not present any established duty regarding the administration or custody of SIN funds. The methodology used required the review and analysis of national jurisprudence, as well as foreign and national doctrine relevant to the subject matter. After the development it is concluded that given the position taken by the Supreme Court we would always have to refer to an identified specific duty that belongs to the public official to be charged as the perpetrator of “embezzlement”. However, this position is not the most ADE and generates that it becomes an administrative imputation of a crime and is not consistent with the protection of legal assets established in our penal system.
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Peculado, Delitos de los funcionarios--Perú, Derecho penal--Perú
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item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
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