Alcances y límites de la denominada autonomía en el delito de Lavado de Activos. Los problemas de la Sentencia Plenaria Casatoria 1-2017/CIJ-433 y su conflicto con la imputación necesaria
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Date
2024-01-31
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente tesis busca conciliar dos conceptos: la autonomía del delito de lavado de activos,
como ficción desarrollada para hacer efectiva la política criminal del Estado y la imputación
necesaria, que busca impedir la arbitrariedad. Para esto, se hace un desarrollo teórico del
delito de lavado de activos y, específicamente, de su autonomía, así como de la imputación
necesaria. Luego, se hace un análisis separado de la autonomía procesal y la autonomía
sustantiva a la luz de las distintas posturas propuestas por la legislación, la doctrina y la
jurisprudencia, con especial énfasis en lo propuesto por la Sentencia Plenaria Casatoria 1-
2017/CIJ-433.
Esto, teniendo en cuenta que muchas de las propuestas existentes sobre la autonomía,
incluyendo la desarrollada en la Sentencia Plenaria Casatoria 1-2017 CIJ-433 son
vulneratorias de la imputación necesaria o, en el otro extremo, pueden llevar a volver ineficaz
la lucha contra el lavado de activos, en el contexto de una sociedad en donde este delito
resulta complementario a las abundantes y diversas formas de criminalidad organizada que
conviven al interior de ella. Así, finalmente, el trabajo arriba a una concepción de autonomía
que sí respeta la imputación necesaria, pero a la vez permite que el tipo penal resulte eficaz
para los fines de política criminal del Estado.
This thesis seeks to reconcile two concepts: the autonomy of the money laundering, as a fiction developed to make the criminal policy of the State effective, and the necessary attribution, which aims to prevent arbitrariness. To achieve this, a theoretical development of the money laundering is undertaken, specifically focusing on its autonomy, as well as the necessary attribution. Subsequently, a separate analysis is conducted on procedural autonomy and substantive autonomy in light of the various positions proposed by legislation, doctrine, and jurisprudence, with special emphasis on what is proposed by Plenary Cassation Judgment 1-2017/CIJ-433. This is done considering that many existing proposals on autonomy, including those developed in Plenary Cassation Judgment 1-2017/CIJ-433, are violative of the necessary attribution or, at the other extreme, may render ineffective the fight against money laundering in the context of a society where this offense is complementary to the abundant and diverse forms of organized crime that coexist within it. Thus, the work ultimately arrives at a conception of autonomy that respects the necessary attribution while also allowing the criminal type to be effective for the purposes of the State's criminal policy.
This thesis seeks to reconcile two concepts: the autonomy of the money laundering, as a fiction developed to make the criminal policy of the State effective, and the necessary attribution, which aims to prevent arbitrariness. To achieve this, a theoretical development of the money laundering is undertaken, specifically focusing on its autonomy, as well as the necessary attribution. Subsequently, a separate analysis is conducted on procedural autonomy and substantive autonomy in light of the various positions proposed by legislation, doctrine, and jurisprudence, with special emphasis on what is proposed by Plenary Cassation Judgment 1-2017/CIJ-433. This is done considering that many existing proposals on autonomy, including those developed in Plenary Cassation Judgment 1-2017/CIJ-433, are violative of the necessary attribution or, at the other extreme, may render ineffective the fight against money laundering in the context of a society where this offense is complementary to the abundant and diverse forms of organized crime that coexist within it. Thus, the work ultimately arrives at a conception of autonomy that respects the necessary attribution while also allowing the criminal type to be effective for the purposes of the State's criminal policy.
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Keywords
Lavado de dinero, Crimen organizado, Imputabilidad
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