Análisis de la influencia de aberturas en muros de albañilería confinada
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2024-10-24
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El objetivo principal de la investigación es analizar muros de albañilería confinada
con aberturas sin reforzamiento mediante modelamiento de elementos finitos y
evaluar la influencia que tienen estas aberturas, tanto en su rigidez como en su
resistencia.
Se analizaron muros de albañilería confinada con cinco diferentes relaciones de
aspecto (hm/Lm: 0.60, 0.80, 1.00, 1.20 y 1.40). Para cada esbeltez de muro se
modeló un muro sin aberturas y muros de dimensiones iguales con aberturas
con 16 variaciones de dimensiones teniendo en total 80 modelos con aberturas
y 5 modelos de muros sin aberturas.
El modelamiento de los materiales de concreto y albañilería se hizo mediante
macromodelamiento. El comportamiento no lineal del concreto se basó en el
modelo de Hognestad. El comportamiento no lineal de la albañilería se estableció
a partir de investigaciones experimentales previas. A cada modelo se empotró
en la base y se le aplicó desplazamiento horizontal en la parte superior de los
muros hasta alcanzar derivas de 0.007 a 0.008. De este modo se pudo obtener
la máxima resistencia al cortante y la rigidez lateral de cada modelo.
Se estableció la relación entre la resistencia de un muro sin aberturas y la
resistencia con aberturas (pR=Ri/Ro). De igual manera para la relación entre la
rigidez de un muro sin aberturas y la rigidez con aberturas(pK=Ki/Ko), para
cuantificar la influencia de las aberturas.
Procesando los datos se determinó que la relación entre el área de aberturas y
el área del muro confinado (ra=Aa/Am) es el principal parámetro que se relaciona
con la reducción de rigidez (pK) y la reducción de resistencia (pR) del muro con
aberturas. Si consideramos como insignificante la reducción de la resistencia al
corte en un 95%, se pudo concluir que en muros de albañilería confinada con
aberturas de áreas menores al 2% del área total del muro no reducen
significativamente ni la resistencia ni la rigidez frente a desplazamientos
laterales.
The main objective of the research is to analyze confined masonry walls with unreinforced openings using finite element modeling and to evaluate the influence of these openings on both their stiffness and strength. Confined masonry walls with five different aspect ratios (hm/Lm: 0.60, 0.80, 1.00, 1.20 and 1.40) were analyzed. For each hm/Lm ratio a wall without openings and walls of equal dimensions with openings were modeled with 16 variations of dimensions having in total 80 models with openings and 5 models of walls without openings. The modeling of concrete and masonry materials was done using macromodeling. The nonlinear behavior of concrete was based in Hognestad model. The nonlinear behavior of masonry was established from previous experimental investigations. Each model was fixed at the base and horizontal displacement was applied to the top of the walls until drifts of 0.007 to 0.008 were reached. In this way, the maximum shear strength and lateral stiffness of each model could be obtained. The ratio between the resistance of a wall without openings and the resistance with openings (pR=Ri/Ro) was established. Similarly for the ratio between the stiffness of a wall without openings and the stiffness with openings (pK=Ki/Ko), to determine the influence of the openings. Processing the data, it was determined that the ratio between the area of openings and the area of the confined wall (ra=Aa/Am) is the main parameter related to the stiffness reduction (pK) and strength reduction (pR) of the wall with openings. If we consider as negligible the reduction of the shear resistance by 95%, it could be concluded that in confined masonry walls with openings of areas smaller than 2% of the total area of the wall, neither the resistance nor the stiffness against lateral displacements are significantly reduced.
The main objective of the research is to analyze confined masonry walls with unreinforced openings using finite element modeling and to evaluate the influence of these openings on both their stiffness and strength. Confined masonry walls with five different aspect ratios (hm/Lm: 0.60, 0.80, 1.00, 1.20 and 1.40) were analyzed. For each hm/Lm ratio a wall without openings and walls of equal dimensions with openings were modeled with 16 variations of dimensions having in total 80 models with openings and 5 models of walls without openings. The modeling of concrete and masonry materials was done using macromodeling. The nonlinear behavior of concrete was based in Hognestad model. The nonlinear behavior of masonry was established from previous experimental investigations. Each model was fixed at the base and horizontal displacement was applied to the top of the walls until drifts of 0.007 to 0.008 were reached. In this way, the maximum shear strength and lateral stiffness of each model could be obtained. The ratio between the resistance of a wall without openings and the resistance with openings (pR=Ri/Ro) was established. Similarly for the ratio between the stiffness of a wall without openings and the stiffness with openings (pK=Ki/Ko), to determine the influence of the openings. Processing the data, it was determined that the ratio between the area of openings and the area of the confined wall (ra=Aa/Am) is the main parameter related to the stiffness reduction (pK) and strength reduction (pR) of the wall with openings. If we consider as negligible the reduction of the shear resistance by 95%, it could be concluded that in confined masonry walls with openings of areas smaller than 2% of the total area of the wall, neither the resistance nor the stiffness against lateral displacements are significantly reduced.
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Palabras clave
Albañilería--Análisis de estructuras, Muros--Efectos sísmicos, Análisis estructural (Ingeniería), Construcciones de concreto armado
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