Estudio de caso de un niño de 3 años 10 meses con dificultades en el proceso comprensivo y expresivo del lenguaje
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Date
2022-06-17
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La capacidad más compleja que posee el ser humano es el lenguaje, que resulta de la interacción entre
factores biológicos, cognitivos y ambientales; no obstante, en la actualidad se encuentran niños que
presentan deficiencias en la adquisición y desarrollo del lenguaje, lo cual impacta en la participación de su
medio social, escolar y familiar en el cual están inmersos. El objetivo del presente estudio de caso es diseñar
un plan de valoración e intervención acorde a las necesidades que presenta un niño de 3 años 10 meses
con dificultades en el proceso comprensivo y expresivo del lenguaje. Estas dificultades afectan a cada uno
de los componentes, reflejando un perfil lingüístico no esperado para su edad. Se sigue el modelo de
intervención híbrido, siendo estas: centradas en el niño y en el adulto. Los resultados evidencian un
incremento de vocabulario comprensivo y expresivo referido a las categorías programadas, logros en la
realización de instrucciones simples de una “acción + un objeto + localización”, comprensión de
encabezadores “¿Qué hace?” y “¿Con quién?” y comprensión y verbalización de oraciones simples del tipo
“sujeto – verbo – objeto”. Se concluye que el plan de intervención aplicado permitió al niño mostrar avances
en los componentes léxico semántico y morfosintáctico.
The most complex capacity that the human being possesses is language, which results from the interaction between biological, cognitive and environmental factors; however, there are currently children who have deficiencies in the acquisition and development of language, which impacts their participation in their social, school and family environment in which they are immersed. The objective of this case study is to design an assessment and intervention plan according to the needs of a 3-year-old 10-month-old child with difficulties in the comprehension and expressive language process. These difficulties affect each one of the components, reflecting an unexpected linguistic profile for her age. The hybrid intervention model is followed, these being: centered on the child and on the adult. The results show an increase in comprehensive and expressive vocabulary referring to the programmed categories, achievements in carrying out simple instructions of an "action + an object + location", understanding of headings "What does it do?" and “With whom?” and comprehension and verbalization of simple sentences of the “subject – verb – object” type. It is concluded that the applied intervention plan allowed the child to show progress in the semantic and morphosyntactic lexical components.
The most complex capacity that the human being possesses is language, which results from the interaction between biological, cognitive and environmental factors; however, there are currently children who have deficiencies in the acquisition and development of language, which impacts their participation in their social, school and family environment in which they are immersed. The objective of this case study is to design an assessment and intervention plan according to the needs of a 3-year-old 10-month-old child with difficulties in the comprehension and expressive language process. These difficulties affect each one of the components, reflecting an unexpected linguistic profile for her age. The hybrid intervention model is followed, these being: centered on the child and on the adult. The results show an increase in comprehensive and expressive vocabulary referring to the programmed categories, achievements in carrying out simple instructions of an "action + an object + location", understanding of headings "What does it do?" and “With whom?” and comprehension and verbalization of simple sentences of the “subject – verb – object” type. It is concluded that the applied intervention plan allowed the child to show progress in the semantic and morphosyntactic lexical components.
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Keywords
Niños--Lenguaje, Trastornos del habla en niños