La seguridad social de las personas mayores ¿Qué deben hacer los Estados?
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2024-09-10
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Cuando se asocia la seguridad social a las personas mayores comúnmente se suele
pensar en pensiones y/o de la atención primaria a la enfermedad, ello además se ve
actualmente proyectado tanto en las normas y políticas públicas de diversos Estados.
Inclusive se reducen las prestaciones que ofrece la seguridad social cuando las
beneficiarias pretenden ser personas mayores; como si, por el solo hecho de tener una
edad avanzada, las personas tuviésemos que asumir vivir con falta de autonomía e
independencia.
Por ello, el presente trabajo de investigación, a partir de una revisión del concepto de
seguridad social y su lugar en los sistemas de protección de derechos humanos tiene
como objeto determinar cuáles son las medidas que debe adoptar un Estado para
garantizar el derecho a la seguridad social para las personas mayores. Esta propuesta se
ha realizado además considerando un enfoque que toma en cuenta sus necesidades
particulares, un enfoque gerontológico; pero también considerando un enfoque de
desarrollo humano (capacidades), teniendo en cuenta que las personas mayores son
sujetos de derechos y no objeto de protección.
De esta manera, se concluye que los Estados deberían incluir en el marco de sus
esquemas de seguridad social para las personas mayores no solo un sistema universal de
pensiones, sino también servicios sociosanitarios integrados con un sistema integral de
cuidados (cuidado a largo plazo, atención comunitaria y residencial, asistencia
domiciliaria, y cuidados paliativos), así como medidas para una vivienda adecuada y
apoyos técnicos para una vida independiente.
When social security is associated with the elderly, it is commonly thought of as pensions and/or primary health care, which is also currently projected in the regulations and public policies of various States. Even the benefits offered by social security are reduced when the beneficiaries intend to be elderly people; as if, just because of the age, people had to accept living with lack of autonomy and independence. Therefore, this research work, based on a review of the concept of social security and its place in human rights protection systems, aims to determine what measures a State must adopt to guarantee the right to social security for the elderly. This proposal has also been made considering an approach that includes their particular needs, a gerontological approach; but also, a human development approach (capabilities), taking into account that older persons are entitled to rights and are not objects of protection. In this way, it is concluded that States should include in the framework of their social security schemes for the elderly not only a universal pension system, but also social and health services integrated with a comprehensive care system (long-term care, community and residential care, home care, and palliative care), as well as measures for adequate housing and technical support for independent living.
When social security is associated with the elderly, it is commonly thought of as pensions and/or primary health care, which is also currently projected in the regulations and public policies of various States. Even the benefits offered by social security are reduced when the beneficiaries intend to be elderly people; as if, just because of the age, people had to accept living with lack of autonomy and independence. Therefore, this research work, based on a review of the concept of social security and its place in human rights protection systems, aims to determine what measures a State must adopt to guarantee the right to social security for the elderly. This proposal has also been made considering an approach that includes their particular needs, a gerontological approach; but also, a human development approach (capabilities), taking into account that older persons are entitled to rights and are not objects of protection. In this way, it is concluded that States should include in the framework of their social security schemes for the elderly not only a universal pension system, but also social and health services integrated with a comprehensive care system (long-term care, community and residential care, home care, and palliative care), as well as measures for adequate housing and technical support for independent living.
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Palabras clave
Personas adultas mayores, Seguridad social, Derechos humanos, Enfoque basado en las capacidades (Ciencias sociales)