Informe Jurídico sobre la Casación 661-2016-PIURA, proceso seguido contra los funcionarios de la Municipalidad de Castilla
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2023-08-03
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente informe jurídico tiene por finalidad realizar un análisis y dar respuesta
a los problemas jurídicos identificados en la Casación N° 661-2016-PIURA. La
Casación, permite abordar temas relevantes sobre los elementos típicos y la
configuración del delito de colusión; así, se espera que el presente informe sea
un aporte relevante a la doctrina. El informe aborda tres problemáticas. Primero,
se cuestiona al patrimonio estatal como bien jurídico penalmente relevante para
el delito de colusión. Por otro lado, se pone en tela de juicio el alcance de la
responsabilidad penal en el delito de colusión que ha establecido la Corte en sus
pronunciamientos. Finalmente, como problema jurídico complementario, se
aborda si la pericia contable ha sido el medio idóneo para probar defraudación
patrimonial en el caso concreto. Tras el análisis jurídico correspondiente, basado
en doctrina y jurisprudencia actual, se ha llegado a las siguientes conclusiones:
(i) el patrimonio estatal es el objeto del delito de colusión y la imparcialidad en
las contrataciones con el Estado es el bien jurídico protegido por este, sin
embargo, en su modalidad agravada nos encontramos ante un tipo pluriofensivo;
(ii) ningún argumento dogmático estima la exclusión de responsabilidad penal de
participes en el delito de colusión por no desprenderse del texto normativo del
tipo penal, por tanto no son correctos los argumentos utilizados por la Corte para
absolver a diversos funcionarios públicos; (iii) existen otros medios probatorios
igual de idóneos que la pericia contable que habrían permitido agotar mayores
estándares de identificación de perjuicio patrimonial.
The purpose of this legal report is to conduct an analysis and provide response to the legal issues identified in Cassation No. 661-2016-PIURA. The Cassation allows for the exploration of pertinent matters concerning the statutory elements and configuration of the crime of collusion; therefore, it is expected that the content developed herein will make a valuable contribution to the doctrine. The report addresses three problematic issues. Firstly, it questions the legal relevance of state assets as a protected legal asset within the offense of collusion. Secondly, it challenges the scope of criminal liability established by the Court in its pronouncements regarding the crime of collusion. Lastly, as a supplementary legal issue, it examines whether accounting expertise has been the appropriate means to prove patrimonial fraud in the specific case. Following the corresponding legal analysis based on current doctrine and jurisprudence, the following conclusions have been reached: (i) State assets constitute the object of the crime of collusion, and impartiality in contracts with the State is the protected legal asset; however, in the aggravated collusion, the offense encompasses multiple offenses; (ii) no doctrinal argument supports the exclusion of criminal responsibility as accomplices from the crime of collusion solely due to their absence in the normative text of the penal statute; therefore, the arguments used by the Court to absolve various public officials are incorrect; (iii) there are alternative means of evidence equally suitable as accounting expertise, which could have allowed for a higher standard in identifying patrimonial damage.
The purpose of this legal report is to conduct an analysis and provide response to the legal issues identified in Cassation No. 661-2016-PIURA. The Cassation allows for the exploration of pertinent matters concerning the statutory elements and configuration of the crime of collusion; therefore, it is expected that the content developed herein will make a valuable contribution to the doctrine. The report addresses three problematic issues. Firstly, it questions the legal relevance of state assets as a protected legal asset within the offense of collusion. Secondly, it challenges the scope of criminal liability established by the Court in its pronouncements regarding the crime of collusion. Lastly, as a supplementary legal issue, it examines whether accounting expertise has been the appropriate means to prove patrimonial fraud in the specific case. Following the corresponding legal analysis based on current doctrine and jurisprudence, the following conclusions have been reached: (i) State assets constitute the object of the crime of collusion, and impartiality in contracts with the State is the protected legal asset; however, in the aggravated collusion, the offense encompasses multiple offenses; (ii) no doctrinal argument supports the exclusion of criminal responsibility as accomplices from the crime of collusion solely due to their absence in the normative text of the penal statute; therefore, the arguments used by the Court to absolve various public officials are incorrect; (iii) there are alternative means of evidence equally suitable as accounting expertise, which could have allowed for a higher standard in identifying patrimonial damage.
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Recurso de casación--Perú, Delitos de los funcionarios--Perú, Corrupción, Responsabilidad penal, Derecho penal--Perú
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