Aplicación del principio de fehaciencia al gasto por pago de penalidades para efectos del Impuesto a la Renta
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2022-02-10
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente informe desarrolla la aplicación del principio de fehaciencia para la deducción de
gastos generados por el pago de penalidades, partiendo para ello del análisis de la Casación
No. 8327-2015-Lima, en la cual se discutió la deducibilidad del gasto por penalidades
originadas por incumplimiento contractual, las cuales fueron pactadas de manera verbal. Al
respecto, se observa que el criterio desarrollado a nivel administrativo y judicial fue considerar
que dichos gastos no cumplían con el principio de fehaciencia y, en consecuencia, no resultaban
deducibles, en tanto no se presentara documentación que sustentara el acuerdo expreso de la
cláusula penal.
En dicho marco, el presente informe tiene por finalidad analizar el alcance del principio de
fehaciencia, así como los parámetros a ser considerados por la Administración Tributaria al
momento de verificar el cumplimiento de dicho principio, de tal manera que la decisión de ésta
respecto de la procedencia del gasto no resulte arbitraria. En ese sentido, del análisis realizado,
se sostiene que el gasto por penalidades pactadas de manera verbal sí cumple con el principio
de fehaciencia, teniendo en cuenta no solo el desarrollo jurisprudencial y doctrinal del
principio, sino también la propia naturaleza y regulación de la cláusula penal. Asimismo, la
exigencia de documentación expresa donde conste el acuerdo de la cláusula penal vulnera el
deber de motivación, el principio de legalidad y el principio de presunción de veracidad.
In the present work, we develop the application of the principle of reliability for the deduction of expenses related to the payment of penalties, based on the analysis of Case No. 8327-2015- Lima, in which the deductibility of expenses for penalties arising from breach of contract, which were agreed verbally, was discussed. In this regard, it is observed that the criterion developed by the administrative and judicial authorities was to consider that such expenses did not comply with the principle of reliability and, consequently, they were not deductible, as long as documentation was not submitted to support the express agreement of the penalty clause. In this context, the purpose of this report is to analyze the scope of the principle of reliability, as well as the parameters to be considered by the Tax Administration when verifying the compliance of such principle, in such a way that the decision of the Tax Administration regarding the appropriateness of the deduction of the expense is not arbitrary. In this sense, from the analysis performed, it is held that the expense for penalties agreed verbally does comply with the principle of reliability, taking into account not only the jurisprudential and doctrinal development of the principle, but also the nature and regulation of the penalty clause itself. Likewise, we consider that the requirement of express documentation where the agreement of the penalty clause is recorded violates the duty of motivation, the principle of legality and the principle of presumption of truthfulness.
In the present work, we develop the application of the principle of reliability for the deduction of expenses related to the payment of penalties, based on the analysis of Case No. 8327-2015- Lima, in which the deductibility of expenses for penalties arising from breach of contract, which were agreed verbally, was discussed. In this regard, it is observed that the criterion developed by the administrative and judicial authorities was to consider that such expenses did not comply with the principle of reliability and, consequently, they were not deductible, as long as documentation was not submitted to support the express agreement of the penalty clause. In this context, the purpose of this report is to analyze the scope of the principle of reliability, as well as the parameters to be considered by the Tax Administration when verifying the compliance of such principle, in such a way that the decision of the Tax Administration regarding the appropriateness of the deduction of the expense is not arbitrary. In this sense, from the analysis performed, it is held that the expense for penalties agreed verbally does comply with the principle of reliability, taking into account not only the jurisprudential and doctrinal development of the principle, but also the nature and regulation of the penalty clause itself. Likewise, we consider that the requirement of express documentation where the agreement of the penalty clause is recorded violates the duty of motivation, the principle of legality and the principle of presumption of truthfulness.
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Palabras clave
Impuesto a la renta--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Derecho tributario--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Clausula penal--Jurisprudencia--Perú