Informe jurídico sobre Resolución Final N.o 551-2023- OEFA/TFA-SE de fecha 21 de noviembre de 2023 del Expediente N.o 1917-2019-OEFA/DFAI/PAS
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Date
2024-08-01
Journal Title
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Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La aplicación de la prohibición de reformatio in peius en sede administrativa constituye
una cuestión bastante confusa en nuestro país. Este principio, destinado a limitar la
actuación de la Administración Pública, evitando que empeore la situación del apelante
al resolver un recurso administrativo, enfrenta serias dificultades para cumplir su objetivo
cuando la autoridad administrativa decide declarar la nulidad de una sanción y remitirla
a la autoridad que la emitió. La diversa casuística administrativa peruana, demuestra
que, frente a esta circunstancia, algunas autoridades administrativas cuyo acto fue
anulado, en algunos casos y si así determinan que corresponde, imponen una sanción
más grave o se abstienen de hacerlo, según cómo comprendan a la prohibición de
reformatio in peius.
Por tanto, con el propósito de establecer claridad sobre el particular, el presente trabajo
examina el fundamento del principio de prohibición de reforma en peor en el derecho
administrativo peruano, así como las implicaciones de la declaración de nulidad de una
sanción por la comisión de una conducta infractora, y en términos de la emisión de una
nueva sanción, especialmente si esta es mayor. Además, se analizan los elementos y
fundamentos considerados para la declaración de nulidad de una conducta infractora
ante un vicio de motivación subsanable.
The application of the prohibition of reformatio in peius in administrative proceedings is a rather confusing issue in our country. This principle, intended to limit the actions of the Public Administration, preventing it from worsening the situation of the appellant when resolving an administrative appeal, faces serious difficulties in fulfilling its objective when the administrative authority decides to declare the nullity of a sanction and remit it to the authority that issued it. The diverse Peruvian administrative casuistry shows that, faced with this circumstance, some administrative authorities whose act was annulled, in some cases and if they determine that it corresponds, impose a more serious sanction or refrain from doing so, depending on how they understand the prohibition of reformatio in peius. Therefore, with the purpose of establishing clarity on the matter, this paper examines the basis of the principle of prohibition of reformatio in pejus in Peruvian administrative law, as well as the implications of the declaration of nullity of a sanction for the commission of an infringing conduct, and in terms of the issuance of a new sanction, especially if it is higher. In addition, the elements and grounds considered for the declaration of nullity of an infringing conduct in the event of a correctable defect of motivation are analyzed.
The application of the prohibition of reformatio in peius in administrative proceedings is a rather confusing issue in our country. This principle, intended to limit the actions of the Public Administration, preventing it from worsening the situation of the appellant when resolving an administrative appeal, faces serious difficulties in fulfilling its objective when the administrative authority decides to declare the nullity of a sanction and remit it to the authority that issued it. The diverse Peruvian administrative casuistry shows that, faced with this circumstance, some administrative authorities whose act was annulled, in some cases and if they determine that it corresponds, impose a more serious sanction or refrain from doing so, depending on how they understand the prohibition of reformatio in peius. Therefore, with the purpose of establishing clarity on the matter, this paper examines the basis of the principle of prohibition of reformatio in pejus in Peruvian administrative law, as well as the implications of the declaration of nullity of a sanction for the commission of an infringing conduct, and in terms of the issuance of a new sanction, especially if it is higher. In addition, the elements and grounds considered for the declaration of nullity of an infringing conduct in the event of a correctable defect of motivation are analyzed.
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Keywords
Derecho administrativo--Perú, Recursos administrativos--Perú, Nulidad (Derecho)--Perú, Sanciones administrativas--Perú