Sida y temor: las representaciones sobre los pacientes de una nueva epidemia a partir del conocimiento médico y tres diarios limeños entre 1985 y 1988
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Date
2019-04-08
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
A partir del saber médico y la prensa escrita limeña, la presente tesis analiza cómo se
representó a los pacientes con Sida entre los años 1985 y 1988 en Perú. En ese sentido, fue
necesaria la indagación en los trabajos científicos del Dr. Raúl Patrucco Puig y en las tesis
de medicina de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Además, se recurrió a la revisión
y al estudio de las notas y los titulares concernientes a las noticias en torno al VIH/Sida en
los diarios La República, El Comercio y Expreso. Con estas fuentes, esta tesis pretende
explicar de qué manera se construyen estigmas, estereotipos e imágenes sobre ciertos grupos
considerados marginales por el orden social, como eran los homosexuales, las prostitutas, los
delincuentes y los drogadictos (estos se encontraban en los límites de la moral y lo
sexualmente permitido) a partir de la aparición de esta nueva epidemia. Se encontró que estas
representaciones generaron imágenes que alimentaron la represión estatal hacia aquellos que
practicaban una sexualidad disidente, pues el contraer esta nueva enfermedad era visto como
la cristalización de las conductas impropias y desbordantes. Este escenario se dio en un
momento en el que de la sociedad peruana se encontraba en crisis por muchos aspectos y la
llegada del Sida fue visto como un elemento más de un panorama sombrío.
This thesis studies medical and media sources to analyze the way in which AIDS patients were represented in mid 1980s Peru. To that end, historical research was applied to the epidemiological work done by Raúl Patrucco Puig MD, and to various thesis on medicine done at Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, during the second half of 1980s. On the other hand, archival work was applied to the AIDS related notes that appeared in newspapers like La República, El Comercio, y Expreso. Taken together, these empirical sources allowed us to explain how the outbreak of AIDS epidemy in Peru triggered different stigmata and stereotypes towards marginal groups considered to be out of the moral and sexual normal order, such as homosexuals, prostitutes, criminals, and drug-addicts. It was found that these representations fed repression from the State towards those who practiced a dissident sexuality and were infected with the virus, which was then seen as a proper ending for such disturbing behaviors. This configuration emerged at a time in which Peruvian society was going through a multidimensional crisis, and the AIDS outbreak just came to be seen as one more terrifying element of that crisis.
This thesis studies medical and media sources to analyze the way in which AIDS patients were represented in mid 1980s Peru. To that end, historical research was applied to the epidemiological work done by Raúl Patrucco Puig MD, and to various thesis on medicine done at Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, during the second half of 1980s. On the other hand, archival work was applied to the AIDS related notes that appeared in newspapers like La República, El Comercio, y Expreso. Taken together, these empirical sources allowed us to explain how the outbreak of AIDS epidemy in Peru triggered different stigmata and stereotypes towards marginal groups considered to be out of the moral and sexual normal order, such as homosexuals, prostitutes, criminals, and drug-addicts. It was found that these representations fed repression from the State towards those who practiced a dissident sexuality and were infected with the virus, which was then seen as a proper ending for such disturbing behaviors. This configuration emerged at a time in which Peruvian society was going through a multidimensional crisis, and the AIDS outbreak just came to be seen as one more terrifying element of that crisis.
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Keywords
SIDA (Enfermedad)--Aspectos sociales, SIDA (Enfermedad)--Factores sociales, SIDA (Enfermedad)--Perú--1985-1988