¿En condición de orfandad? Efectos de la expulsión de la Compañía de Jesús en el Perú
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2024-05-17
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La investigación aborda la situación que se habría producido en el Perú del siglo
XVIII, a raíz de la expulsión de la Compañía de Jesús; un evento histórico que
trajo consigo una serie de cambios considerables en el ‘mundo hispánico’, a
partir de 1767.
La clave principal de lectura será la situación de ‘orfandad espiritual’ que habrían
experimentado los sujetos que se relacionaron directamente con los jesuitas en
sus trabajos apostólicos; así también, la experiencia tribulada de los mismos
religiosos que, viviendo en el destierro, añoraban su misión y, en muchos casos,
experimentaban el desarraigo de sus ‘patrias’ de origen. Esta circunstancia de
‘orfandad’ habría provocado algunas manifestaciones de descontento social
como respuesta a la experiencia adversa; la cual, asimismo, podría leerse como
una expresión separatista del Perú con la metrópoli.
Luego, de una presentación sobre la misión jesuítica en el Perú del siglo XVIII y
el planteamiento del concepto de paternidad espiritual, la tesis aborda diferentes
elementos vinculados al movimiento antijesuítico que se gestó en la Europa
moderna e ‘ilustrada’, que llevaron a las autoridades borbónicas (portuguesas,
francesas y españolas) a expatriar a los jesuitas de sus reinos y colonias. En
esta tesis, se presentarán algunas iniciativas individuales y colectivas que
surgieron, en el Perú, con el fin de mantener, tanto la ‘memoria’ de la orden
religiosa defenestrada como de los modos y saberes transmitidos por ésta a sus
antiguos allegados, en la prosecución de la formación de su ‘buena policía’ y
cristiandad. Las muestras de reconocimiento del antiguo aporte jesuítico a la
sociedad no cesarán, y más de cuarenta años después de la expulsión, los
descendientes de los testigos directos buscarán el retorno de esta orden religiosa
a sus antiguos puestos de misión peruanos; sin embargo, esta iniciativa no verá
la luz sino hasta fines del siglo XIX.
This research addresses the consequences that occurred in eighteenth-century Peru because of the expulsion of the Society of Jesus. This historical event brought considerable changes to the 'Hispanic world' from 1767 onwards. The main key to the interpretation will be the situation of 'spiritual orphanage' that the subjects who were directly related to the Jesuits in their apostolic work would have experienced; as well as the tribulation of the religious themselves who, living in exile, longed for their mission and, in many cases, experienced the loss of their countries of origin (patria). This circumstance of 'orphanage' would have provoked some social protests in response to the adverse experience, which could also be interpreted as a separatist expression of Peru from the Spanish metropolis. After a presentation of the Jesuit mission in eighteenth-century Peru and the concept of spiritual paternity, the thesis addresses a number of elements linked to the anti-Jesuit movement in modern and 'enlightened' Europe, which led the Bourbon authorities (Portuguese, French and Spanish) to expatriate the Jesuits from their kingdoms and colonies. This thesis will present some individual and collective initiatives that arose in Peru in order to maintain both the 'memory' of the defenestrated religious order and the ways and knowledge transmitted by them, in the prosecution of the formation of a civility and Christianity. The signs of recognition of the former Jesuit contribution to society did not cease, and more than forty years after the expulsion, the descendants of the direct witnesses of the expulsion sought the return of this religious order to their former Peruvian mission stations. However, this initiative would not succeed until the end of the 19th century.
This research addresses the consequences that occurred in eighteenth-century Peru because of the expulsion of the Society of Jesus. This historical event brought considerable changes to the 'Hispanic world' from 1767 onwards. The main key to the interpretation will be the situation of 'spiritual orphanage' that the subjects who were directly related to the Jesuits in their apostolic work would have experienced; as well as the tribulation of the religious themselves who, living in exile, longed for their mission and, in many cases, experienced the loss of their countries of origin (patria). This circumstance of 'orphanage' would have provoked some social protests in response to the adverse experience, which could also be interpreted as a separatist expression of Peru from the Spanish metropolis. After a presentation of the Jesuit mission in eighteenth-century Peru and the concept of spiritual paternity, the thesis addresses a number of elements linked to the anti-Jesuit movement in modern and 'enlightened' Europe, which led the Bourbon authorities (Portuguese, French and Spanish) to expatriate the Jesuits from their kingdoms and colonies. This thesis will present some individual and collective initiatives that arose in Peru in order to maintain both the 'memory' of the defenestrated religious order and the ways and knowledge transmitted by them, in the prosecution of the formation of a civility and Christianity. The signs of recognition of the former Jesuit contribution to society did not cease, and more than forty years after the expulsion, the descendants of the direct witnesses of the expulsion sought the return of this religious order to their former Peruvian mission stations. However, this initiative would not succeed until the end of the 19th century.
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Compañía de Jesús--Perú--Historia, Jesuitas en América--Expulsión, Jesuitas--Espiritualidad, Cristianismo--Educación, Movimientos sociales--Perú--Colonia