Interacciones y aprendizaje durante la crisis sanitaria en una escuela de secundaria rural
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2023-01-26
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Parto de la teoría sociocultural que conceptualiza el aprendizaje como una práctica social para
presentar el objetivo de mi tesis: analizar las interacciones didácticas entre docentes y
estudiantes en la creación de zonas de desarrollo próximo (ZDP), desde las experiencias de
enseñanza y aprendizaje de la secundaria rural en una coyuntura de crisis sanitaria. La
investigación es cualitativa, basada en el estudio de caso de una escuela de secundaria rural, en
la región de Ica. La muestra estuvo conformada por el director y seis docentes, quienes
participaron en entrevistas en profundidad, y un grupo de estudiantes de 2.o
y 4.o
año, quienes
participaron en grupos focales. En la discusión de los resultados destaco el rol de los recursos
digitales como instrumentos mediadores indispensables en las interacciones; caracterizo los
tipos de apoyo y las decisiones de la escuela frente a las carencias del contexto; enfatizo en las
percepciones de docentes y estudiantes ante las situaciones de crisis y las experiencias
resilientes para afrontarlas, y resalto las interacciones didácticas que lograron, o no, ser
compatibles con la creación de ZDP. En un contexto educativo rural en la modalidad a
distancia, esta investigación advierte de prácticas pedagógicas tradicionales que no evidencian
claros procesos de andamiaje y que limitan las oportunidades para potenciar nuevos niveles en
el desarrollo del aprendizaje. Sin embargo, destaca los procesos mediadores que empoderaron
a los adolescentes a tener más autonomía y a generar actividades para tomar decisiones, asumir
responsabilidades y continuar estudiando en una coyuntura inédita de crisis sanitaria.
I start from the sociocultural theory that conceptualizes learning as a social practice, to present the objective of this thesis, which refers to analyzing the didactic interactions between teachers and students in the creation of zones of proximal development (ZPD), from the experiences of teaching and learning in rural secondary schools, in a situation of sanitary crisis. This research is qualitative based on the case study of a rural secondary school in the Ica region. The sample includes the director and six teachers, who participated in in-depth interviews; and a group of 2nd and 4th year high school students who participated in focus groups. In the discussion of the results, I highlight the role of digital resources as indispensable mediating instruments in interactions; I characterize the types of support and the decisions of the school in the face of the emergencies of the rural context; I emphasize the perceptions of teachers and students in crisis situations and resilient experiences to face them, and I highlight the didactic interactions in the pedagogical practices that were or were not compatible with the creation of ZPD. In a rural educational context, this research warns of traditional pedagogical practices that do not show clear scaffolding processes and that limit opportunities to promote new levels in the development of cognitive functions. However, it highlights the mediating processes that empowered adolescents to have a greater margin of autonomy and to generate joint activities to make decisions, assume responsibilities and continue studying in a difficult situation during an unprecedented sanitary crisis.
I start from the sociocultural theory that conceptualizes learning as a social practice, to present the objective of this thesis, which refers to analyzing the didactic interactions between teachers and students in the creation of zones of proximal development (ZPD), from the experiences of teaching and learning in rural secondary schools, in a situation of sanitary crisis. This research is qualitative based on the case study of a rural secondary school in the Ica region. The sample includes the director and six teachers, who participated in in-depth interviews; and a group of 2nd and 4th year high school students who participated in focus groups. In the discussion of the results, I highlight the role of digital resources as indispensable mediating instruments in interactions; I characterize the types of support and the decisions of the school in the face of the emergencies of the rural context; I emphasize the perceptions of teachers and students in crisis situations and resilient experiences to face them, and I highlight the didactic interactions in the pedagogical practices that were or were not compatible with the creation of ZPD. In a rural educational context, this research warns of traditional pedagogical practices that do not show clear scaffolding processes and that limit opportunities to promote new levels in the development of cognitive functions. However, it highlights the mediating processes that empowered adolescents to have a greater margin of autonomy and to generate joint activities to make decisions, assume responsibilities and continue studying in a difficult situation during an unprecedented sanitary crisis.
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Educación rural--Perú--Ica, Educación a distancia--Perú--Ica, Estudiantes y maestros--Relaciones
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