Dinámicas territoriales por los cambios de la cobertura y uso de la tierra en la cuenca baja del río Chilca de la Región Lima
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2019-07-25
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente trabajo de tesis estuvo enfocado en la comprensión de las dinámicas territoriales y su
vínculo con los cambios en la cobertura y uso de la tierra en el espacio geográfico de la cuenca baja
del río Chilca. Analizamos los cambios de uso y cobertura de tierra en base a la percepción y
experiencia de informantes claves resultado de la aplicación de entrevistas semi estructuradas, la
técnica del grupo focal y un taller participativo acerca de la línea del tiempo de los eventos más
significativos vinculados a los cambios de la cobertura de tierra y su impacto en la percepción del
paisaje. Con posterioridad, esta información se contrastó con un análisis multitemporal de imágenes
satelitales de las coberturas de uso de la tierra, entre los años 1975 y 2018, a partir de la aplicación
de la metodología CORINE Land Cover, en un ambiente SIG. Los resultados de estos 43 años de
análisis determinaron que las áreas industriales e infraestructura y urbanizadas son las que han tenido
una expansión considerable, pasando de cubrir el 0.3% en el año 1975 a 10.7% al año 2018, ello para
el caso de la cobertura de áreas industriales e infraestructura; para el caso de las áreas urbanizadas,
pasó de cubrir el 1.7% el año 1975 a 7.2% al año 2018; mientras que las coberturas de áreas sin o con
poca vegetación y las áreas agrícolas fueron las que mayor reducción han tenido en su dimensión
superficial, pasando de cubrir el 9.8% el año 1975 a 7.6% al 2018, ello para el caso de las áreas
agrícolas heterogéneas, mientras que las áreas sin o con poca vegetación, pasaron de cubrir el 87.8%
el año 1975 al 73.8% al 2018. Este hecho viene generando una serie de dinámicas sociales,
económicas y ambientales en el territorio de la cuenca baja, que se manifiestan en procesos de
territorialización y desterritorialización de actividades y procesos que llegan a manifestarse en los
cambios en la cobertura y uso de la tierra. Además, se plantea delimitar e intervenir con acciones de
protección y conservación en la zona arqueológica de Bandurria, las chacras hundidas, la faja
marginal del área fluvial, las playas de la cuenca y los humedales salinos, debido a su vulnerabilidad
ante los cambios de uso de tierra. Estas zonas deben ser consideradas como zonas de tratamiento
especial y para una adecuada gestión de estos territorios se plantean una serie de acciones enmarcadas
en la política 32 y 34 del Acuerdo Nacional, así como del Onceavo Objetivo del Desarrollo Sostenible.
The present thesis work was focused on the understanding of the territorial dynamics and its link with the changes in the coverage and use of the land in the geographic space of the lower basin of the Chilca River. Changes in land use and coverage were analyzed based on the perception and experience of key informants resulting from the application of semi-structured interviews, the technique of the focus group and a participatory workshop about the timeline of the most significant events linked to changes in land cover and its impact on landscape perception. Subsequently, this information was contrasted with a multi-temporal analysis of satellite images of land use coverage, between 1975 and 2018, based on the application of the CORINE Land Cover methodology, in an ArcGis environment. The results of these 43 years of analysis determined that the industrial and infrastructure and urbanized areas are those that have had a considerable expansion, going from covering 0.3% in the year 1975 to 10.7% by the year 2018, this in the case of the coverage of industrial areas and infrastructure; in the case of urbanized areas, it went from covering 1.7% in 1975 to 7.2% in 2018; while the coverage of areas with or without vegetation and the agricultural areas were those that have had the greatest reduction in their surface dimension, going from 9.8% in 1975 to 7.6% in 2018, in the case of agricultural areas heterogeneous, while areas without or with little vegetation, went from covering 87.8% in 1975 to 73.8% in 2018. This fact has generated a series of social, economic and environmental dynamics in the territory of the lower basin, which they manifest in processes of territorialization and deterritorialization of activities and processes that come to be manifested in changes in the coverage and use of land. In addition, it is proposed to delimit and intervene with protection and conservation actions in the archaeological zone of Bandurria, the sunken farms, the marginal strip of the river area, the beaches of the basin and the saline wetlands, due to its high fragility. These zones should be considered as special treatment zones and for a proper management of these territories, a series of actions framed in policies 32 and 34 of the National Agreement, as well as the Eleventh Objective of Sustainable Development are proposed.
The present thesis work was focused on the understanding of the territorial dynamics and its link with the changes in the coverage and use of the land in the geographic space of the lower basin of the Chilca River. Changes in land use and coverage were analyzed based on the perception and experience of key informants resulting from the application of semi-structured interviews, the technique of the focus group and a participatory workshop about the timeline of the most significant events linked to changes in land cover and its impact on landscape perception. Subsequently, this information was contrasted with a multi-temporal analysis of satellite images of land use coverage, between 1975 and 2018, based on the application of the CORINE Land Cover methodology, in an ArcGis environment. The results of these 43 years of analysis determined that the industrial and infrastructure and urbanized areas are those that have had a considerable expansion, going from covering 0.3% in the year 1975 to 10.7% by the year 2018, this in the case of the coverage of industrial areas and infrastructure; in the case of urbanized areas, it went from covering 1.7% in 1975 to 7.2% in 2018; while the coverage of areas with or without vegetation and the agricultural areas were those that have had the greatest reduction in their surface dimension, going from 9.8% in 1975 to 7.6% in 2018, in the case of agricultural areas heterogeneous, while areas without or with little vegetation, went from covering 87.8% in 1975 to 73.8% in 2018. This fact has generated a series of social, economic and environmental dynamics in the territory of the lower basin, which they manifest in processes of territorialization and deterritorialization of activities and processes that come to be manifested in changes in the coverage and use of land. In addition, it is proposed to delimit and intervene with protection and conservation actions in the archaeological zone of Bandurria, the sunken farms, the marginal strip of the river area, the beaches of the basin and the saline wetlands, due to its high fragility. These zones should be considered as special treatment zones and for a proper management of these territories, a series of actions framed in policies 32 and 34 of the National Agreement, as well as the Eleventh Objective of Sustainable Development are proposed.
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Uso de la tierra--Perú--Lima, Desarrollo urbano--Aspectos ambientales
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