Mundo de la vida e interculturalidad. Pluraridad de mundos: el Sumak Kawsay y la crítica al desarrollo
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2018-08-29
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Nuestra investigación no solo revisa el contenido implícito en la categoría Sumac
Kawsay, la cual implica el holismo cósmico, el respeto por el ecosistema, el equilibrio y
el flujo de las recursos naturales y de más elementos, sino además nos es necesario
establecer la revisión fenomenológica de este concepto andino en relación a la
fenomenología intercultural, desarrollada en la primer capítulo “Mundo de la Vida,
cultura e interculturalidad en la fenomenología de E. Husserl”, y en relación al
pensamiento intercultural latinoamericano expuesto en nuestro segundo capítulo “La
interculturalidad de la filosofía en perspectiva latinoamericana”. Por este motivo
revisaremos los contenidos del Sumac Kawsay según el siguiente criterio: elegiremos un
conjunto de categorías implícitas en este concepto andino las cuales se revisarán desde
la visión fenomenológica e intercultural.
En el tercer capítulo se descubre la analogía entre la noción de naturaleza
entendida de modo andino como Pachamama y la experiencia fenomenológica de la
tierra concebida no como objeto sino como horizonte y hogar; otra analogía se nos
descubre entre el relacionismo cósmico de los seres, concebido así entre las
comunidades andinas y no menos las amazónicas, y el relacionismo horizóntico entre
los mundos familiares y mundos extraños estudiados por Husserl, los cuales conforman
un único “hogar”. A su vez, en la experiencia andina se nos ofrece el relieve del
conocimiento ancestral, adquirido a través de múltiples experiencias sensoriales,
generación tras generación, y ella es análoga a la visión fenomenológica de la historia
en Husserl a través de sus desarrollos genéticos y generativos, donde la habitualidad, la
pasividad y la asociación constituyen el fundamento de la tradición, la historia y del
conocimiento en general.
La tesis descubre en el concepto Sumac Kawsay la presencia del
multiperspectivismo. A través del auxilio de estudios antropológicos con dirección postestructuralista,
observamos entre las comunidades amerindias esta facultad de ver no
sólo una exclusiva realidad sino varias realidades y ello según la posición de
experiencia de los individuos.
Our research not only reviews the implicit content in the Sumac Kawsay category, which implies cosmic holism, respect for the ecosystem, balance and the flow of natural resources and more elements, but it is also necessary to establish the phenomenological review of this Andean concept in relation to intercultural phenomenology, developed in the first chapter “World of Life, Culture and Interculturality in the Phenomenology of E. Husserl”, and in relation to Latin American intercultural thought exposed in our second chapter “Interculturality of philosophy in Latin American perspective”. For this reason we will review the contents of the Sumac Kawsay according to the following criteria: we will choose a set of categories implicit in this Andean concept which will be reviewed from the phenomenological and intercultural view. In the third chapter we discover the analogy between the notion of nature understood in an Andean way as Pachamama and the phenomenological experience of the earth conceived not as an object but as a horizon and a home; Another analogy is discovered between the cosmic relationism of beings, conceived as such between the Andean communities and no less the Amazonian, and the horizontal relationism between the familiar worlds and strange worlds studied by Husserl, which make up a single “home”. In turn, in the Andean experience we are offered the relief of ancestral knowledge, acquired through multiple sensory experiences, generation after generation, and it is analogous to the phenomenological vision of history in Husserl through its genetic and generative developments , where the habituality, the passivity and the association constitute the foundation of the tradition, the history and the knowledge in general. The thesis discovers in the Sumac Kawsay concept the presence of multiperspectivism. Through the help of anthropological studies with post-structuralist direction, we observe among Amerindian communities this faculty of seeing not only an exclusive reality but several realities and this according to the position of experience of the individuals.
Our research not only reviews the implicit content in the Sumac Kawsay category, which implies cosmic holism, respect for the ecosystem, balance and the flow of natural resources and more elements, but it is also necessary to establish the phenomenological review of this Andean concept in relation to intercultural phenomenology, developed in the first chapter “World of Life, Culture and Interculturality in the Phenomenology of E. Husserl”, and in relation to Latin American intercultural thought exposed in our second chapter “Interculturality of philosophy in Latin American perspective”. For this reason we will review the contents of the Sumac Kawsay according to the following criteria: we will choose a set of categories implicit in this Andean concept which will be reviewed from the phenomenological and intercultural view. In the third chapter we discover the analogy between the notion of nature understood in an Andean way as Pachamama and the phenomenological experience of the earth conceived not as an object but as a horizon and a home; Another analogy is discovered between the cosmic relationism of beings, conceived as such between the Andean communities and no less the Amazonian, and the horizontal relationism between the familiar worlds and strange worlds studied by Husserl, which make up a single “home”. In turn, in the Andean experience we are offered the relief of ancestral knowledge, acquired through multiple sensory experiences, generation after generation, and it is analogous to the phenomenological vision of history in Husserl through its genetic and generative developments , where the habituality, the passivity and the association constitute the foundation of the tradition, the history and the knowledge in general. The thesis discovers in the Sumac Kawsay concept the presence of multiperspectivism. Through the help of anthropological studies with post-structuralist direction, we observe among Amerindian communities this faculty of seeing not only an exclusive reality but several realities and this according to the position of experience of the individuals.
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Husserl, Edmund, 1859-1938, Fenomenología, Interculturalidad--América Latina