La razonabilidad de las medidas administrativas en materia ambiental: Un análisis de la Resolución del Tribunal de Fiscalización Ambiental del OEFA Nº 010- 2020-OEFA/TFA-SE en relación al caso de Las Bambas y el Corredor Vial Minero Apurímac-Cusco
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2023-08-01
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
A partir de la evaluación de calidad ambiental realizada en el 2019 por el
OEFA, detectó excesos en los Estándares de Calidad Ambiental-ECA de los
cuerpos receptores de Aire y Ruido en el Corredor Vial minero Apurímac-Cusco
en la provincia de Chumbivilcas, los cuales fueron atribuidos a la actividad de
transporte de minerales de la empresa Las Bambas.
Al respecto, se sostiene que el requerimiento de Modificación de la Evaluación
de Impacto Ambiental dictado mediante Resolución del Tribunal de
Fiscalización Ambiental del OEFA Nº 010- 2020-OEFA/TFA-SE plantea una
problemática en relación a (i) las garantías procesales del administrado, que
son conexas a los principios de razonabilidad, legalidad, proporcionalidad y
seguridad jurídica; (ii) así como al respeto del derecho constitucional a gozar de
un medio ambiente sano y equilibrado y por consiguiente, el derecho a la salud
de las poblaciones colindantes con el Corredor Vial en Chumbivilcas.
La facultad otorgada a la autoridad de fiscalización ambiental de requerir la
Modificación de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental resulta muy eficaz para la
prevención de impactos negativos ambientales ocasionados por proyectos en
marcha. No obstante, es de suma importancia las medidas administrativas
respondan al criterio de razonabilidad y no terminen siendo onerosas e
innecesarias y que finalmente terminen perjudicando a un administrado que
desarrolla su actividad económica en cumplimiento de sus obligaciones y
compromisos ambientales. En otras palabras, OEFA como autoridad de
fiscalización ambiental debe lograr, mediante el dictado de medidas, garantizar
un equilibrio entre la actividad minera y la protección ambiental.
From the environmental quality assessment, conducted by the OEFA in 2019, it detected excesses in the Environmental Quality Standards-ECA of the receiving bodies of Air and Noise in the Apurimac-Cusco Mining Road Corridor in the province of Chumbivilcas, which were attributed to the mineral transportation activity of the company Las Bambas. In this regard, it is argued that the request for Modification of the Environmental Impact Assessment issued by Resolution No. 010- 2020-OEFA/TFA-SE of the Environmental Oversight Tribunal of the OEFA raises a problem in relation to the procedural guarantees of the affected party, which are related to the principles of reasonableness, legality, proportionality and legal certainty; as well as respect for the constitutional right to enjoy a healthy and balanced environment and therefore, the right to health of the populations adjacent to the Road Corridor in Chumbivilcas. The power granted to the environmental oversight authority to require the Environmental Impact Assessment Modification is very effective for the prevention of negative environmental impacts caused by ongoing projects. However, it is of utmost importance that the administrative measures respond to the criterion of reasonableness and do not end up being onerous and unnecessary and that finally end up harming an administered party that develops its economic activity in compliance with its environmental obligations and commitments. In other words, OEFA as an environmental control authority must achieve, through the issuance of measures, to ensure a balance between mining activity and environmental protection.
From the environmental quality assessment, conducted by the OEFA in 2019, it detected excesses in the Environmental Quality Standards-ECA of the receiving bodies of Air and Noise in the Apurimac-Cusco Mining Road Corridor in the province of Chumbivilcas, which were attributed to the mineral transportation activity of the company Las Bambas. In this regard, it is argued that the request for Modification of the Environmental Impact Assessment issued by Resolution No. 010- 2020-OEFA/TFA-SE of the Environmental Oversight Tribunal of the OEFA raises a problem in relation to the procedural guarantees of the affected party, which are related to the principles of reasonableness, legality, proportionality and legal certainty; as well as respect for the constitutional right to enjoy a healthy and balanced environment and therefore, the right to health of the populations adjacent to the Road Corridor in Chumbivilcas. The power granted to the environmental oversight authority to require the Environmental Impact Assessment Modification is very effective for the prevention of negative environmental impacts caused by ongoing projects. However, it is of utmost importance that the administrative measures respond to the criterion of reasonableness and do not end up being onerous and unnecessary and that finally end up harming an administered party that develops its economic activity in compliance with its environmental obligations and commitments. In other words, OEFA as an environmental control authority must achieve, through the issuance of measures, to ensure a balance between mining activity and environmental protection.
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Derecho ambiental--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Control ambiental--Industria minera--Perú, Organismo de Evaluación y Fiscalización Ambiental (Perú)
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