Estado del arte: Importancia del aprendizaje basado en proyectos y el rol del docente en educación primaria
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Date
2023-02-06
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la importancia del
aprendizaje basado en proyectos (ABP) y el rol del docente en educación primaria.
Para ello, se recurre a la revisión de veinte fuentes bibliográficas, entre artículos de
revistas académicas, libros electrónicos y documentos de trabajo publicados entre el
2008 y 2020. El estudio es de carácter documental, puesto que se pretende
comprender el objeto de estudio a partir del análisis de la literatura seleccionada para
formar una postura y reflexionar en torno a ella. Asimismo, se organiza en tres núcleos
temáticos que responden al objetivo de la investigación. El primero explica la esencia
del ABP y el desarrollo de competencias y habilidades para vivir en una sociedad
cambiante, puesto que, actualmente, se exige la formación de estudiantes
competentes que respondan a las demandas del actual siglo. El segundo analiza el
sentido de colaboración y actividad en el ABP, en la cual destaca la participación activa
y colaborativa de los estudiantes. El tercero propone la concepción del rol docente en
el ABP, detallando las acciones, actitudes y competencias que los docentes deben
presentar para una correcta implementación de dicha metodología. Por último, se
presentan las reflexiones que desvelan los retos por los que atraviesan los docentes
de educación primaria al trabajar con el ABP, entre los que destaca la oportunidad de
reinterpretar los conceptos de enseñanza, aprendizaje, docencia y evaluación.
The purpose of this research is to analyze the importance of project-based learning (PBL) and the role of the teacher in primary education. For this purpose, twenty bibliographic sources are reviewed, including articles in academic journals, electronic books and working papers published between 2008 and 2020. The study is a documental type, since it aims to understand the object of study from the analysis of the selected literature in order to form a position and reflect on it. It is also organized into three thematic cores that respond to the objective of the research. The first explains the essence of PBL and the development of competencies and skills to live in a changing society, since, currently, the formation of competent students who respond to the demands of the current century is required. The second one analyzes the sense of collaboration and activity in PBL, in which the active and collaborative participation of students stands out. The third one proposes the conception of the teaching role in the PBL, detailing the actions, attitudes and competencies that teachers must present for a correct implementation of this methodology. Finally, reflections are presented that reveal the challenges faced by elementary school teachers when implementing PBL, among which the opportunity to reinterpret the concepts of teaching, learning, educator and evaluation stands out.
The purpose of this research is to analyze the importance of project-based learning (PBL) and the role of the teacher in primary education. For this purpose, twenty bibliographic sources are reviewed, including articles in academic journals, electronic books and working papers published between 2008 and 2020. The study is a documental type, since it aims to understand the object of study from the analysis of the selected literature in order to form a position and reflect on it. It is also organized into three thematic cores that respond to the objective of the research. The first explains the essence of PBL and the development of competencies and skills to live in a changing society, since, currently, the formation of competent students who respond to the demands of the current century is required. The second one analyzes the sense of collaboration and activity in PBL, in which the active and collaborative participation of students stands out. The third one proposes the conception of the teaching role in the PBL, detailing the actions, attitudes and competencies that teachers must present for a correct implementation of this methodology. Finally, reflections are presented that reveal the challenges faced by elementary school teachers when implementing PBL, among which the opportunity to reinterpret the concepts of teaching, learning, educator and evaluation stands out.
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Método de proyectos (Educación), Personal docente, Educación primaria
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