Metodología para determinar la concentración de ácido carmínico por HPLC en muestras comerciales de yogur natural
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2020-01-23
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El desarrollo de la industria alimentaria crece a un ritmo cada vez más rápido, lo que requiere
un gran uso de colorantes a agregar a los productos alimenticios, proporcionando color y
apariencia uniforme, que influyen en la percepción del consumidor y en su decisión de
compra. La creciente demanda de productos alimenticios con etiquetas limpias impulsa el uso
de tintes naturales normalizados como una mejor opción para agregar color a los alimentos
que no lo tienen, sin cambiar otras propiedades que pueden modificarse durante su
procesamiento. Dado que el colorante carmín (E-120) de la cochinilla es uno de los colorantes
naturales con mejores características tecnológicas, esto le da a los productos alimenticios
naturalidad y una gran aplicación en la industria láctea, cárnica, de bebidas, confitería,
cosméticos, etc. Por este motivo, es necesario controlar y verificar el uso de carmín y ácido
carmínico en productos de consumo masivo, como es el caso de las fresas donde se están
reemplazando los tintes sintéticos prohibidos. En este sentido, en la presente investigación se
propone una metodología de HPLC para determinar el contenido de ácido carmínico en
muestras comerciales de yogur natural, caracterizando los colorantes puros mediante el
método Food Chemical Codex II (FCC II), mediante el método modificado FCC II utilizando
ácido fosfórico y disolventes puros. También se propone cuantificar el color y el contenido de
los tintes puros en muestras comerciales de yogur natural mediante una técnica colorimétrica,
así como extraer y determinar la concentración de ácido carmínico total en muestras
comerciales de yogur, utilizando el método de Lancaster y HPLC, respectivamente. Se
concluye que el método FCC II con ácido fosfórico concentrado es óptimo cuando se trabaja
en la evaluación de los tintes para validar el método de Lancaster, y para determinar el
contenido de ácido carmínico en el producto de yogur de fresa.
The development of the food industry grows steadily fast, requiring a great use of dyes to be added to food products, providing it color and a uniform appearance that influences the consumer's perception and their purchase decision. The growing demand for food products with clean labels urges the use of normalized natural dyes as a better option to add color to foods that lack it, without changing other properties that can be altered during its processing. Given that coloring carmine (E-120) from the cochineal is one of the natural colorants with better technological characteristics, this gives the food products naturalness and great application in the dairy industry, meat, beverages, confectionery, cosmetics, etc. For this reason, it is necessary to control and verify the use of Carmine and Carmine Acid in mass consumption products, such as is the case of strawberries to replace forbidden synthetic dyes. In this sense, in the present investigation is proposed an HPLC methodology for determining the content of carminic acid in commercial samples of natural yogurt, characterizing the pure dyes by the Food Chemical Codex II (FCC II) method, by the modified FCC II method using phosphoric acid and pure solvents. It is also proposed to quantify the color and content of pure dyes in commercial samples of natural yogurt by a colorimetric technique, as well as to extract and determine the concentration of total carminic acid in commercial samples of yogurt, using the Lancaster method and HPLC, respectively. It is concluded that the FCC II method with concentrated phosphoric acid is optimal when working in the evaluation of the dyes to validate the Lancaster method, and to determine the carminic acid content in the strawberry yogurt product.
The development of the food industry grows steadily fast, requiring a great use of dyes to be added to food products, providing it color and a uniform appearance that influences the consumer's perception and their purchase decision. The growing demand for food products with clean labels urges the use of normalized natural dyes as a better option to add color to foods that lack it, without changing other properties that can be altered during its processing. Given that coloring carmine (E-120) from the cochineal is one of the natural colorants with better technological characteristics, this gives the food products naturalness and great application in the dairy industry, meat, beverages, confectionery, cosmetics, etc. For this reason, it is necessary to control and verify the use of Carmine and Carmine Acid in mass consumption products, such as is the case of strawberries to replace forbidden synthetic dyes. In this sense, in the present investigation is proposed an HPLC methodology for determining the content of carminic acid in commercial samples of natural yogurt, characterizing the pure dyes by the Food Chemical Codex II (FCC II) method, by the modified FCC II method using phosphoric acid and pure solvents. It is also proposed to quantify the color and content of pure dyes in commercial samples of natural yogurt by a colorimetric technique, as well as to extract and determine the concentration of total carminic acid in commercial samples of yogurt, using the Lancaster method and HPLC, respectively. It is concluded that the FCC II method with concentrated phosphoric acid is optimal when working in the evaluation of the dyes to validate the Lancaster method, and to determine the carminic acid content in the strawberry yogurt product.
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Ácido carmínico, Yogurt, Colorantes naturales