Informe Jurídico de la Resolución del Tribunal Fiscal N° 04737-9-2021: ¿Cuál es el contenido del término gastos preoperativos por expansión de actividades?
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Date
2023-08-08
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Los gastos preoperativos por expansión de actividades tienen un tratamiento
tributario especial en la norma que permite diferirlos al momento en que
realmente inicie la etapa productiva o de explotación. Sin embargo, al día de
hoy no existe una definición legal de este término y si bien el Tribunal Fiscal ha
ido desarrollando una definición, no es claro qué criterios adopta para justificar
dicha postura. Sumado a ello, en otras oportunidades ha contradicho la misma
definición que plantea.
El problema principal que origina ello es que el contribuyente no tendrá certeza
de si su gasto será considerado como gasto preoperativo por expansión de
actividades y, por ende, la Administración Tributaria podrá desconocer el
desembolso incurrido por la forma en que aplicó la deducción (criterio general
del devengo o amortización), además de imputarle una infracción.
Así, mediante una interpretación teleológica de la norma, en el presente trabajo
consideramos que la definición restrictiva propuesta por el Tribunal Fiscal no
persigue la ratio legis de la norma y, a su vez, incide en el derecho a la libertad
de empresa. Por ello, en aplicación de la finalidad de la norma, comparación
con términos contables así como la legislación comparada, proponemos una
definición sobre estos términos tributarios que podrían ser desarrollados
mediante una Resolución de Observancia Obligatoria a fin de unir criterios
jurisprudenciales.
Pre-operating expenses for expansion of activities have a special tax treatment in the regulation that allows deferring them to the moment in which the productive or operating stage actually begins. However, as of today there is no legal definition of this term and although the Tax Court has been developing a definition, it is not clear what criteria it adopts to justify such position. In addition, on other occasions it has contradicted the definition itself. The main problem that this causes is that the taxpayer will not have certainty as to whether or not its expense will be considered as a pre-operating expense for expansion of activities and, therefore, the Tax Administration may not know the disbursement incurred due to the way in which the deduction was applied (general accrual or amortization criterion), in addition to imputing an infraction to the taxpayer. Therfore, by means of a teleological interpretation of the rule, in this paper we consider that the restrictive definition proposed by the Tax Court does not pursue the ratio legis of the rule and, in turn, affects the right to freedom of enterprise. Therefore, in application of the purpose of the norm, comparison with accounting terms as well as comparative legislation, we propose a definition of these tax terms that could be developed by means of a Resolution of Mandatory Compliance in order to unite jurisprudential criteria.
Pre-operating expenses for expansion of activities have a special tax treatment in the regulation that allows deferring them to the moment in which the productive or operating stage actually begins. However, as of today there is no legal definition of this term and although the Tax Court has been developing a definition, it is not clear what criteria it adopts to justify such position. In addition, on other occasions it has contradicted the definition itself. The main problem that this causes is that the taxpayer will not have certainty as to whether or not its expense will be considered as a pre-operating expense for expansion of activities and, therefore, the Tax Administration may not know the disbursement incurred due to the way in which the deduction was applied (general accrual or amortization criterion), in addition to imputing an infraction to the taxpayer. Therfore, by means of a teleological interpretation of the rule, in this paper we consider that the restrictive definition proposed by the Tax Court does not pursue the ratio legis of the rule and, in turn, affects the right to freedom of enterprise. Therefore, in application of the purpose of the norm, comparison with accounting terms as well as comparative legislation, we propose a definition of these tax terms that could be developed by means of a Resolution of Mandatory Compliance in order to unite jurisprudential criteria.
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Keywords
Derecho tributario--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Impuesto a la renta--Perú, Empresas--Impuestos--Perú