Informe Jurídico sobre el R.N. N° 109-2017, Lima
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2022-08-16
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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En el presente informe analizamos tres problemas jurídicos que posee el Recurso de Nulidad
N° 109-2017, Lima. El primero enfocado a que es desconocida la teoría que utiliza la Sala
para la determinación de la autoría y participación de los involucrados en el delito de
colusión, generando no solo inseguridad jurídica, sino también un eventual caso de
impunidad. El segundo está relacionado a determinar en qué consiste el aporte esencial que
diferencia a la complicidad primaria y secundaria.
El último está vinculado a poner en evidencia que la decisión de la Sala, al momento de
imponer la pena misma pena para el autor y cómplice secundario, no solo presenta una clara
contradicción jurídica, sino que sirve de utilidad para demostrar que también es inadecuado
determinar la misma pena para el autor y cómplice primario en casos de delitos especiales.
Ahora bien, para plantear nuestras propuestas de solución, recurrimos a la doctrina nacional y
extranjera, como también a la jurisprudencia nacional.
Por esta razón, llegamos las siguientes conclusiones. El primero enfocado a que la teoría de
infracción de deber es la más idónea para resolver casos de delitos especiales. El segundo
relacionado a que el concepto “aporte esencial” debe estar acorde a la combinación de la
teoría de los bienes escasos y a teoría de la necesidad referida al “si” y al “cómo” de la
ejecución en el caso concreto. Finalmente, que el autor y el cómplice primario no deben tener
la misma pena en delitos especiales.
In this report we analyze three legal problems of the Recurso de Nulidad N° 109-2017, Lima. The first one is focused on the fact that the theory used by the Chamber to determine the authorship and participation of those involved in the crime of collusion is unknown, generating not only legal uncertainty, but also a possible case of impunity. The second is related to determine what is the essential contribution that differentiates primary and secondary complicity. The last is linked to highlighting that the decision of the Chamber, at the time of imposing the same penalty for the perpetrator and secondary accomplice, not only presents a clear legal contradiction, but also serves to demonstrate that it is also inadequate to determine the same penalty for the perpetrator and primary accomplice in cases of special crimes. Now, in order to present our proposed solutions, we turn to national and foreign doctrine, as well as to national jurisprudence. For this reason, we reached the following conclusions. The first one focused on the fact that the breach of duty theory is the most suitable to solve cases of special crimes. The second is that the concept of "essential contribution" must be in accordance with the combination of the theory of scarce goods and the theory of necessity referring to the "if" and "how" of the execution in the specific case. Finally, that the perpetrator and the primary accomplice should not have the same penalty in special crimes.
In this report we analyze three legal problems of the Recurso de Nulidad N° 109-2017, Lima. The first one is focused on the fact that the theory used by the Chamber to determine the authorship and participation of those involved in the crime of collusion is unknown, generating not only legal uncertainty, but also a possible case of impunity. The second is related to determine what is the essential contribution that differentiates primary and secondary complicity. The last is linked to highlighting that the decision of the Chamber, at the time of imposing the same penalty for the perpetrator and secondary accomplice, not only presents a clear legal contradiction, but also serves to demonstrate that it is also inadequate to determine the same penalty for the perpetrator and primary accomplice in cases of special crimes. Now, in order to present our proposed solutions, we turn to national and foreign doctrine, as well as to national jurisprudence. For this reason, we reached the following conclusions. The first one focused on the fact that the breach of duty theory is the most suitable to solve cases of special crimes. The second is that the concept of "essential contribution" must be in accordance with the combination of the theory of scarce goods and the theory of necessity referring to the "if" and "how" of the execution in the specific case. Finally, that the perpetrator and the primary accomplice should not have the same penalty in special crimes.
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Palabras clave
Autoría penal, Penas--Perú, Delitos de los funcionarios, Cómplices, Proporcionalidad en derecho
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item.page.review
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