Las paredes hablan: Las dinámicas de poder en la apropiación simbólica del espacio público por artistas urbanas en Lima Metropolitana
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2021-09-15
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente trabajo se inserta en analizar las dinámicas de poder en la apropiación
simbólica del espacio público por artistas urbanos en Lima Metropolitana. El arte
urbano es un campo artístico sumamente heterogéneo que nos invita a preguntarnos
¿Quién puede hacer arte urbano? ¿Dónde se puede hacer arte urbano? Por un lado,
es necesario reconocer la fracturación social, propia de la desigualdad urbana en
Lima, promueve y/o obstaculiza el uso de los espacios públicos de los ciudadanos. En
este sentido, si bien el arte urbano busca ser libre y para todos, termina
concentrándose en ciertos distritos de la ciudad que promueven procesos de
musealización, gentrificación,etc. Por un lado, en la historia del arte, es necesario
reconocer a los artistas más renombrados del arte urbano como Banksy y Basquiat. A
pesar de las diferencias sociales, temporales y geográficas todos comparten una
característica de género en común. Y, si bien en los últimos años, muchas mujeres se
han insertado en diversos espacios artísticos en busca de romper la categoría de
musa a artista, aún son muy pocas las mujeres que se dedican al arte de las calles.
Esta desigualdad, más allá de tratarse en una mera desigualdad en el campo artístico,
se interrelaciona con el acceso y uso de la ciudad desde una perspectiva de género.
La diferencia entre el uso de los espacios públicos y los privados en la ciudad se basan
en diferencias de los roles tradicionales de género. El cuidado del hogar es una tarea
tradicionalmente asignada a las mujeres que se desarrolla en un ambiente privado;
mientras que, los hombres, tienen el control y dominio de la esfera pública. Por este
motivo, el trabajo de las artistas urbanas femenizan el espacio desde la apropiación
simbólica de un espacio históricamente negado.
The present work is inserted in analyzing the dynamics of power in the symbolic appropriation of public space by urban artists in Metropolitan Lima. Urban art is an extremely heterogeneous artistic field that invites us to ask ourselves, who can make urban art? Where can you make urban art? On the one hand, it is necessary to recognize the social fracturing, typical of urban inequality in Lima, that promotes and or hinders the use of public spaces by citizens. In this sense, although urban art seeks to be free and for everyone, it ends up being concentrated in certain districts of the city that promote processes of musealization, gentrification, etc. On the one hand, in the history of art, it is necessary to recognize the most renowned artists of urban art such as Banksy and Basquiat. Despite social, temporal and geographical differences, they all share a common gender characteristic. And, although in recent years, many women have been inserted in various artistic spaces in search of breaking the category from muse to artist, there are still very few women who dedicate themselves to street art. This inequality, beyond being treated as a mere inequality in the artistic field, is interrelated with the access and use of the city from a gender perspective. The difference between the use of public and private spaces in the city is based on differences in traditional gender roles. Caring for the home is a task traditionally assigned to women that takes place in a private environment; while men have control and dominance of the public sphere. For this reason, the work of urban artists feminize space from the symbolic appropriation of a historically denied space.
The present work is inserted in analyzing the dynamics of power in the symbolic appropriation of public space by urban artists in Metropolitan Lima. Urban art is an extremely heterogeneous artistic field that invites us to ask ourselves, who can make urban art? Where can you make urban art? On the one hand, it is necessary to recognize the social fracturing, typical of urban inequality in Lima, that promotes and or hinders the use of public spaces by citizens. In this sense, although urban art seeks to be free and for everyone, it ends up being concentrated in certain districts of the city that promote processes of musealization, gentrification, etc. On the one hand, in the history of art, it is necessary to recognize the most renowned artists of urban art such as Banksy and Basquiat. Despite social, temporal and geographical differences, they all share a common gender characteristic. And, although in recent years, many women have been inserted in various artistic spaces in search of breaking the category from muse to artist, there are still very few women who dedicate themselves to street art. This inequality, beyond being treated as a mere inequality in the artistic field, is interrelated with the access and use of the city from a gender perspective. The difference between the use of public and private spaces in the city is based on differences in traditional gender roles. Caring for the home is a task traditionally assigned to women that takes place in a private environment; while men have control and dominance of the public sphere. For this reason, the work of urban artists feminize space from the symbolic appropriation of a historically denied space.
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Espacio público--Aspectos sociales--Perú--Lima Metropolitana, Desarrollo urbano--Aspectos culturales--Perú--Lima Metropolitana
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