Informe Jurídico de la Sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional No. 00225-2017-PA/TC (Caso Telefónica del Perú S.A.A.)
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2022-08-15
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente Informe Jurídico tiene como objeto analizar el sentido del fallo que arribó por
mayoría el Tribunal Constitucional en la Sentencia No. 00225-2017-PA/TC Lima (caso
Telefónica del Perú S.A.A.), a la luz del derecho al plazo razonable en el procedimiento
contencioso tributario. Teniendo en cuenta el caso concreto, tanto el Tribunal Fiscal como la
SUNAT han excedido en demasía los plazos legales para resolver los recursos impugnatorios
de reclamación, apelación y cumplimiento; esto es, en total más de cinco años, periodo en el
cual los intereses moratorios han incrementado exorbitantemente. Con el propósito de
determinar la violación al derecho plazo razonable, implícito del derecho al debido proceso,
nos remitiremos a los cuatro criterios fijados por el Tribunal Constitucional: 1) la complejidad
del asunto; 2) la actividad o conducta procedimental del interesado; 3) la conducta de la
administración pública; y 4) las consecuencias que la demora produce en la situación jurídica
del interesado. En esa línea, sostenemos que el quiebre del plazo razonable se determina
analizando los citados cuatro criterios; en caso se verifique una demora injustificada - como
ocurre en la sentencia materia de análisis -, la consecuencia directa será la inaplicación de los
intereses moratorios generados desde el vencimiento del plazo legal. Aunado a ello, también
se replantean las excepciones a la regla del agotamiento de la vía previa, - tal como el riesgo
de irreparabilidad o amenaza inminente -, que yacen en el Código Procesal Constitucional, para
acceder al proceso de amparo, vía idónea para la tutela urgente de los derechos constitucionales
afectados.
The purpose of this Legal Report is to analyze the sense of the decision reached by the majority of the Constitutional Court in Sentence No. 00225-2017-PA/TC Lima (Telefónica del Perú S.A.A. case), in light of the right to reasonable time in the tax litigation procedure. Taking into account the specific case, both the Tax Court and SUNAT have exceeded by far the legal 3 deadlines to resolve the appeals of claim, appeal and compliance; that is, in total more than five years, a period in which the moratorium interests have increased exorbitantly. In order to determine the violation of the right to reasonable time, implicit in the right to due process, we will refer to the four criteria established by the Constitutional Court: 1) the complexity of the matter; 2) the procedural activity or conduct of the individual concerned; 3) the conduct of the public administration; and 4) the consequences that the delay produces in the legal situation of the individual concerned. Along these lines, we maintain that the breach of the reasonable term is determined by analyzing the four criteria mentioned above; in the event of an unjustified delay - as in the case of the judgment under analysis -, the direct consequence will be the nonapplication of the moratorium interest generated since the expiration of the legal term. In addition to this, the exceptions to the rule of exhaustion of prior remedies - such as the risk of irreparability or imminent threat -, which lie in the Constitutional Procedural Code, are also reconsidered in order to access the amparo process, a suitable way for the urgent protection of the affected constitutional rights.
The purpose of this Legal Report is to analyze the sense of the decision reached by the majority of the Constitutional Court in Sentence No. 00225-2017-PA/TC Lima (Telefónica del Perú S.A.A. case), in light of the right to reasonable time in the tax litigation procedure. Taking into account the specific case, both the Tax Court and SUNAT have exceeded by far the legal 3 deadlines to resolve the appeals of claim, appeal and compliance; that is, in total more than five years, a period in which the moratorium interests have increased exorbitantly. In order to determine the violation of the right to reasonable time, implicit in the right to due process, we will refer to the four criteria established by the Constitutional Court: 1) the complexity of the matter; 2) the procedural activity or conduct of the individual concerned; 3) the conduct of the public administration; and 4) the consequences that the delay produces in the legal situation of the individual concerned. Along these lines, we maintain that the breach of the reasonable term is determined by analyzing the four criteria mentioned above; in the event of an unjustified delay - as in the case of the judgment under analysis -, the direct consequence will be the nonapplication of the moratorium interest generated since the expiration of the legal term. In addition to this, the exceptions to the rule of exhaustion of prior remedies - such as the risk of irreparability or imminent threat -, which lie in the Constitutional Procedural Code, are also reconsidered in order to access the amparo process, a suitable way for the urgent protection of the affected constitutional rights.
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Tribunales constitucionales--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Derecho tributario--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Recurso de amparo, Sentencias