El Derecho Procesal Penal de las Personas jurídicas: ¿La regulación procesal ofrecida por la Ley N° 30424 garantiza suficientemente el derecho de defensa de las personas jurídicas como imputadas en el proceso penal?
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2024-10-23
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente tesis busca evidenciar los diversos problemas que se generan con el
derecho de defensa de la persona jurídica y sus derechos instrumentales a partir de la
entrada en vigencia de la Ley N° 30424, lo cual nos permitirá afirmar que ésta no ofrece
una regulación procesal suficiente para garantizar el adecuado ejercicio de defensa de
la persona jurídica en el proceso penal en un régimen de responsabilidad autónoma de
la persona jurídica. La ley ha establecido como reglas procesales a aquellas que han
fueron diseñadas para el régimen de las consecuencias accesorias contra la persona
jurídica, en donde la responsabilidad de la persona jurídica es accesoria (se requiere la
previa condena de la persona física) y su estatuto jurídico procesal no es el de sujeto
procesal imputado, sino de sujeto pasivo del proceso penal.
En ese orden de ideas, expondremos los problemas que genera la ley con el derecho
de defensa, el derecho a la autodefensa material y el derecho a la no autoincriminación
de la persona jurídica, a partir de lo cual se advierte que se ha han suscitado una
antinomia normativa, lagunas legales y normas procesales que vulneran el derecho de
defensa e instrumentales de la persona jurídica en el régimen de responsabilidad
administrativa.
Finalmente, ofreceremos propuestas de solución frente a los problemas identificados
consistentes en criterios de interpretación a la luz de principios del Derecho Procesal
penal, la regulación de nuevos preceptos procesales inspirados en la experiencia
procesal comparada y la modificación de normas vigentes que no garantizan el derecho
de la persona jurídica en el proceso penal.
This thesis seeks to show the different problems generated with the right of defense of the legal person and its instrumental rights since the entry into force of Law No. 30424, which will allow us to affirm that it does not offer a sufficient procedural regulation to guarantee the adequate exercise of the defense of the legal person in the criminal process in a regime of autonomous liability of the legal person. The law has established as procedural rules those that have been designed for the regime of accessory consequences against the legal person, where the liability of the legal person is accessory (the prior conviction of the natural person is required) and its procedural legal status is not that of an imputed procedural subject, but of a passive subject of the criminal proceeding. In this order of ideas, we will expose the problems generated by the law with the right of defense, the right to material self-defense and the right to non-self-incrimination of the legal person, from which it is noticed that a normative antinomy has arisen, legal gaps and procedural rules that violate the right of defense and instrumental rights of the legal person in the administrative liability regime. Finally, we will offer proposed solutions to the problems identified, consisting of interpretation criteria in light of the principles of criminal procedural law, the regulation of new procedural precepts inspired by comparative procedural experience and the modification of existing norms that do not guarantee the right of the legal person in criminal proceedings.
This thesis seeks to show the different problems generated with the right of defense of the legal person and its instrumental rights since the entry into force of Law No. 30424, which will allow us to affirm that it does not offer a sufficient procedural regulation to guarantee the adequate exercise of the defense of the legal person in the criminal process in a regime of autonomous liability of the legal person. The law has established as procedural rules those that have been designed for the regime of accessory consequences against the legal person, where the liability of the legal person is accessory (the prior conviction of the natural person is required) and its procedural legal status is not that of an imputed procedural subject, but of a passive subject of the criminal proceeding. In this order of ideas, we will expose the problems generated by the law with the right of defense, the right to material self-defense and the right to non-self-incrimination of the legal person, from which it is noticed that a normative antinomy has arisen, legal gaps and procedural rules that violate the right of defense and instrumental rights of the legal person in the administrative liability regime. Finally, we will offer proposed solutions to the problems identified, consisting of interpretation criteria in light of the principles of criminal procedural law, the regulation of new procedural precepts inspired by comparative procedural experience and the modification of existing norms that do not guarantee the right of the legal person in criminal proceedings.
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Derecho procesal penal--Legislación--Perú, Responsabilidad administrativa--Perú, Defensa (Procedimiento penal)--Perú, Imputabilidad
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