Análisis de los factores facilitadores y/o restrictores de la participación de las organizaciones sociales comunales y de la población en el presupuesto participativo que implementa el gobierno local del distrito de Chota, provincia de Chota y región de Cajamarca en 2017 y 2018
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2022-05-31
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La presente investigación se enmarca en el proceso de implementación del Presupuesto
Participativo, principalmente, en la zona rural y, busca responder a la pregunta: ¿Qué
factores son facilitadores y/o restrictores para que las organizaciones sociales comunales
y la población del distrito de Chota valoren, planifiquen y participen en el Presupuesto
Participativo que implementa el Gobierno Local de Chota, provincia de Chota, región de
Cajamarca, en 2017 y 2018?
El abordaje de esta problemática se ha realizado a través del planteamiento de tres
objetivos específicos: i) Identificar la valoración de las autoridades, líderes y población
comunal sobre el Presupuesto Participativo, ii) Examinar si en la implementación del
Presupuesto Participativo incorpora los intereses y necesidades de la población, y iii)
Determinar si la implementación del Presupuesto Participativo facilita la participación de
las organizaciones sociales comunales.
En el marco teórico se exponen conceptos respecto de la participación ciudadana, el
espacio local y desarrollo humano y sustentable. La metodología utilizada es la cualitativa,
que nos permita descubrir la percepción de los actores respecto del Presupuesto
Participativo. Como forma de investigación se ha tomado el estudio de caso, porque nos
enfoca en analizar la implementación como Política Pública en una experiencia concreta,
y, por tanto, responde a una investigación aplicada.
La muestra ha sido significativa y de relevancia, considerando a los dirigentes de las
organizaciones sociales como: rondas campesinas, Programa Vaso de Leche y
pobladores, en igual número entre hombres y mujeres, además de los funcionarios del
gobierno local encargados de la conducción del proceso del Presupuesto Participativo y,
territorialmente, se ha considerado ocho caseríos del distrito. Como técnicas de
investigación se han utilizado a las entrevistas semiestructuradas y el análisis documental.
Como conclusiones señalaremos que la población y autoridades reconocen en el
Presupuesto Participativo un potente instrumento para el seguimiento de la inversión y la
trasparencia de la gestión municipal. La población tiene un limitado concepto del
Presupuesto Participativo y lo asocia con las obras que la municipalidad determina realizar
en su comunidad y no como mecanismo de toma de decisiones de sus prioridades. Los
caseríos y centros poblados carecen de un Plan de Desarrollo Comunal Concertado que
oriente su desarrollo al largo plazo y que les permita mejorar su calidad de participación y
negociación respecto de las prioridades de la inversión. La normativa del Sistema Nacional
de Programación Multianual y Gestión de Inversiones limita la dinámica que contempla el
Presupuesto Participativo, por los procesos que son necesarios seguir para la inversión.
Se proponen para mejorar esta situación: un programa de capacitación en cada uno de los
centros poblados y caseríos con material y lenguaje adecuados a la población; implementar
un proceso de construcción de planes de desarrollo concertado comunal por cada caserío
y centro poblado a largo plazo, alineado a la planificación distrital, provincial y regional;
compatibilizar la normativa del Presupuesto Participativo con el Sistema Nacional de
Programación Multianual y Gestión de Inversiones; constituir a los centros poblados como
la unidad de gestión territorial que agrupe a todos los caseríos del distrito.
Finalmente podemos mencionar que el proceso de implementación del Presupuesto
Participativo en el distrito de Chota se implementa con dificultades y limitaciones de
carácter político, social, presupuestal y normativo.
This research is part of the process of implementation of the Participatory Budget, mainly in rural areas, and seeks to answer the question: What factors are facilitators and/or restrictors for community social organizations and the population of the district of Chota to value, plan and participate in the Participatory Budget implemented by the Local Government of Chota, Chota province, Cajamarca region, in 2017 and 2018? The approach to this problem has been made through the proposal of three specific objectives: i) Identify the valuation of authorities, leaders and communal population on the Participatory Budget, ii) Examine if the implementation of the Participatory Budget incorporates the interests and needs of the population, and iii) Determine if the implementation of the Participatory Budget facilitates the participation of communal social organizations. The theoretical framework presents concepts regarding citizen participation, local spaces, human development and sustainable development. The methodology used is the qualitative one, which allows us to discover the perception of the actors regarding the Participative Budget, as a form of investigation the case study has been taken, because it focuses us in analyzing the implementation as Public Policy in a concrete experience and therefore, it responds to an applied investigation. The sample has been significant and relevant, considering the leaders of social organizations such as: Rondas Campesinas, Programa Vaso de Leche and inhabitants, in equal numbers between men and women, in addition to local government officials in charge of conducting the Participatory Budget process, and territorially eight villages in the district have been considered. Semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis have been used as research techniques. As conclusions we will point out that the population and authorities recognize in the Participatory Budget a powerful instrument for monitoring investment and transparent municipal management; the population has a limited concept of the Participatory Budget and associates it with the works that the municipality determines to carry out in its community and not as a decision-making mechanism of its priorities; The villages and populated centers lack a Concerted Communal Development Plan that guides their long term development and allows them to improve their quality of participation and negotiation with respect to investment priorities; the regulations of the National System of Multi-Year Programming and Investment Management limit the dynamics contemplated in the Participatory Budget, due to the processes that are necessary to follow for investment. In order to improve this situation, the following are proposed: a training program in each one of the Town Centers and hamlets with material and language appropriate to the population; to implement a process of construction of Communal Concerted Development Plans for each hamlet and Hamlet in the long term, aligned with the district, provincial and regional planning; to make the regulations of the Participative Budget compatible with the National System of Multi-annual Programming and Investment Management; to constitute the Town Centers as the unit of territorial management that groups all the hamlets of the district. Finally we can mention that the process of implementation of the Participative Budget in the District of Chota is implemented with difficulties and limitations of a political, social, budgetary and normative nature.
This research is part of the process of implementation of the Participatory Budget, mainly in rural areas, and seeks to answer the question: What factors are facilitators and/or restrictors for community social organizations and the population of the district of Chota to value, plan and participate in the Participatory Budget implemented by the Local Government of Chota, Chota province, Cajamarca region, in 2017 and 2018? The approach to this problem has been made through the proposal of three specific objectives: i) Identify the valuation of authorities, leaders and communal population on the Participatory Budget, ii) Examine if the implementation of the Participatory Budget incorporates the interests and needs of the population, and iii) Determine if the implementation of the Participatory Budget facilitates the participation of communal social organizations. The theoretical framework presents concepts regarding citizen participation, local spaces, human development and sustainable development. The methodology used is the qualitative one, which allows us to discover the perception of the actors regarding the Participative Budget, as a form of investigation the case study has been taken, because it focuses us in analyzing the implementation as Public Policy in a concrete experience and therefore, it responds to an applied investigation. The sample has been significant and relevant, considering the leaders of social organizations such as: Rondas Campesinas, Programa Vaso de Leche and inhabitants, in equal numbers between men and women, in addition to local government officials in charge of conducting the Participatory Budget process, and territorially eight villages in the district have been considered. Semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis have been used as research techniques. As conclusions we will point out that the population and authorities recognize in the Participatory Budget a powerful instrument for monitoring investment and transparent municipal management; the population has a limited concept of the Participatory Budget and associates it with the works that the municipality determines to carry out in its community and not as a decision-making mechanism of its priorities; The villages and populated centers lack a Concerted Communal Development Plan that guides their long term development and allows them to improve their quality of participation and negotiation with respect to investment priorities; the regulations of the National System of Multi-Year Programming and Investment Management limit the dynamics contemplated in the Participatory Budget, due to the processes that are necessary to follow for investment. In order to improve this situation, the following are proposed: a training program in each one of the Town Centers and hamlets with material and language appropriate to the population; to implement a process of construction of Communal Concerted Development Plans for each hamlet and Hamlet in the long term, aligned with the district, provincial and regional planning; to make the regulations of the Participative Budget compatible with the National System of Multi-annual Programming and Investment Management; to constitute the Town Centers as the unit of territorial management that groups all the hamlets of the district. Finally we can mention that the process of implementation of the Participative Budget in the District of Chota is implemented with difficulties and limitations of a political, social, budgetary and normative nature.
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Presupuesto--Participación ciudadana--Perú--Chota (Cajamarca : Provincia), Municipios--Gobierno y administración--Perú--Chota (Cajamarca : Provincia)
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