Hacia una aproximación del concepto de progresividad de los derechos humanos en el ordenamiento jurídico peruano
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Date
2024-03-07
Authors
Salcedo Mosquera, Rosa Isabella
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El concepto de progresividad, entendido como el paulatino cumplimiento de los
derechos humanos, fue históricamente una categoría problemática, la cual
servía como justificación para el incumplimiento e inacción estatal. En efecto, el
mal entendimiento de este término ha generado que no se reconozca las
características de exigibilidad y justiciabilidad de los derechos sociales
considerándose estos como una simple buena intención. Además, generaría
impunidad en el supuesto de vulneración de algún derecho. No obstante, este
concepto ha ido evolucionado con el desarrollo normativo y jurisprudencial en el
Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos (DIDH). Esta evolución del
concepto ha influenciado en el ordenamiento jurídico peruano reflejándose en la
normativa y jurisprudencia. Sin embargo, es necesario resaltar que, las
concepciones entorno a la progresividad en el derecho internacional y el derecho
interno son disonantes. Es por ello que, el presente trabajo buscará dar una
aproximación al concepto de progresividad en el ordenamiento jurídico peruano
a partir del análisis de los instrumentos internacionales y la jurisprudencia del
TC. Al final, es posible concluir que se debe adoptar el concepto de progresividad
más favorable para la protección y cumplimiento de los derechos humanos. En
ese sentido, considero que, se debe entender por progresividad como el avance
efectivo y constante del derecho y que la gradualidad no será usada como
excusa para que el Estado no emita medidas de garantía, y los avances
obtenidos no pueden ser injustificadamente regresivos.
The concept of progressivity, understood as the gradual fulfillment of human rights, was historically a problematic category, which served as a justification for non-compliance and state inaction. In fact, the misunderstanding of this term has led to the non-recognition of the enforceability and justiciability of social rights, which are considered to be mere good intentions. Moreover, it would generate impunity in the event of a violation of any right. However, this concept has evolved with the normative and jurisprudential development of International Human Rights Law (IHRL). This evolution of the concept has influenced the Peruvian legal system and is reflected in the regulations and jurisprudence. However, it is necessary to highlight that the conceptions of progressivity in international law and domestic law are dissonant. For this reason, this paper will seek to provide an approach to the concept of progressivity in the peruvian legal system based on the analysis of international instruments and the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court. In the end, it is possible to conclude that the most favorable concept of progressivity for the protection and fulfillment of human rights should be adopted. In this sense, I consider that progressivity should be understood as the effective and constant advancement of the right and that gradualness shall not be used as an excuse for the State not to issue guarantee measures, and the progress obtained cannot be unjustifiably regressive.
The concept of progressivity, understood as the gradual fulfillment of human rights, was historically a problematic category, which served as a justification for non-compliance and state inaction. In fact, the misunderstanding of this term has led to the non-recognition of the enforceability and justiciability of social rights, which are considered to be mere good intentions. Moreover, it would generate impunity in the event of a violation of any right. However, this concept has evolved with the normative and jurisprudential development of International Human Rights Law (IHRL). This evolution of the concept has influenced the Peruvian legal system and is reflected in the regulations and jurisprudence. However, it is necessary to highlight that the conceptions of progressivity in international law and domestic law are dissonant. For this reason, this paper will seek to provide an approach to the concept of progressivity in the peruvian legal system based on the analysis of international instruments and the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court. In the end, it is possible to conclude that the most favorable concept of progressivity for the protection and fulfillment of human rights should be adopted. In this sense, I consider that progressivity should be understood as the effective and constant advancement of the right and that gradualness shall not be used as an excuse for the State not to issue guarantee measures, and the progress obtained cannot be unjustifiably regressive.
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Cumplimiento (Derecho), Derecho internacional y derechos humanos, Derechos humanos--Legislación--Perú
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