Estudio de caso de una niña de 5 años 9 meses con trastorno de lenguaje
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2021-06-03
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El lenguaje es un proceso cognitivo complejo, el proceso de adquisición va acompañada de diversos factores para
lograr un desarrollo típico, sin embargo, a pesar de ser una facultad natural del ser humano, puede presentar
dificultades en su proceso de adquisición en especial en la infancia, hoy en día encontramos un aumento de niños
con dificultades lingüísticas que limita su actuar con su entorno inmediato, esto genera en los niños un desfase en
su desarrollo. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo elaborar un programa de evaluación e intervención para una
niña de 5 años 9 meses con trastorno del lenguaje. Los trastornos del lenguaje se caracterizan por afectar los
procesos compresivos y expresivos del lenguaje, presentando un déficit en cada uno de los componentes que lo
conforma, generando así un desarrollo atípico por debajo de su edad cronológica. Se siguió el modelo de
intervención del medio, orientado a un trabajo activo, sistemático y secuencial que favoreció al desarrollo de las
habilidades lingüísticas de la niña. Los resultados muestran un avance significativo: en el vocabulario compresivo
y expresivo en las categorías semánticas trabajadas, en la comprensión de encabezadores de uso común; en el
manejo de oraciones simples con estructura S+V+O, con apoyo de preposiciones “con” y “de”, así también en la
producción clara y audible del fonema /l/ en palabras de 2 a 3 silabas. El presente plan de intervención permitió
obtener resultados positivos en los indicadores planteados de los componentes léxico semántico, morfosintáctico
y fonético fonológico. Es importante tomar en cuenta que toda intervención debe ser individualizada, en función a
las necesidades de los niños que presentan trastornos del lenguaje, siendo necesario involucrar a los agentes que
forman parte del entorno del niño, mientras más oportuna sea una intervención mejor será su pronóstico en el
alcance de las habilidades lingüísticas trazadas
Language is a complex cognitive process, the acquisition process is accompanied by various factors to achieve a typical development. However, in spite of the fact of being a natural ability of the human being, it can present difficulties in its acquisition process, especially during childhood. Today, we find an increase in children with linguistic difficulties that limits their actions with their immediate environment, it generates a delay in their development. The target of the present study is to develop a plan to evaluate and intervening in 5 years and 9 months old girl with a language disorder. Language disorders are characterized by affecting the compressive and expressive processes of language, presenting a deficit in each of the components that compose it, thus generating an atypical development below its chronological age. The model of the intervention of the environment was followed, oriented to an active, systematic, and sequential work that favored the development of the girl's linguistic skills. The results show a significant advance: in the compressive and expressive vocabulary in the semantic categories studied, also in the understanding of commonly used headers; as well as in the handling of simple sentences with S + V + O structure, with the support of prepositions "with" and "of", and in the clear and audible production of the phoneme / l / in words of 2 to 3 syllables. The intervention’s plan allowed us to obtain positive results in the proposed indicators of the lexical-semantic, morphosyntactic, and phonological-phonetic components. It is important to note that any intervention must be individualized, based on the children’s needs with language disorders, being necessary to involve the agents that take part in the child's environment, the longer an intervention lasts, the better your prognosis will be in the scope of the outlined language skills.
Language is a complex cognitive process, the acquisition process is accompanied by various factors to achieve a typical development. However, in spite of the fact of being a natural ability of the human being, it can present difficulties in its acquisition process, especially during childhood. Today, we find an increase in children with linguistic difficulties that limits their actions with their immediate environment, it generates a delay in their development. The target of the present study is to develop a plan to evaluate and intervening in 5 years and 9 months old girl with a language disorder. Language disorders are characterized by affecting the compressive and expressive processes of language, presenting a deficit in each of the components that compose it, thus generating an atypical development below its chronological age. The model of the intervention of the environment was followed, oriented to an active, systematic, and sequential work that favored the development of the girl's linguistic skills. The results show a significant advance: in the compressive and expressive vocabulary in the semantic categories studied, also in the understanding of commonly used headers; as well as in the handling of simple sentences with S + V + O structure, with the support of prepositions "with" and "of", and in the clear and audible production of the phoneme / l / in words of 2 to 3 syllables. The intervention’s plan allowed us to obtain positive results in the proposed indicators of the lexical-semantic, morphosyntactic, and phonological-phonetic components. It is important to note that any intervention must be individualized, based on the children’s needs with language disorders, being necessary to involve the agents that take part in the child's environment, the longer an intervention lasts, the better your prognosis will be in the scope of the outlined language skills.
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Trastornos del habla en niños, Niños--Lenguaje