Ciberterrorismo: Un nuevo desafío para el Derecho Internacional Humanitario
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2021-09-16
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El ciberespacio es un escenario nuevo de confrontación con el terrorismo,
un escenario que requiere una mirada distinta por parte del Derecho
Internacional y es que, sobre la materia, surgen varias dudas, sin embargo,
la columna vertebral del presente artículo se limita a contestar solo a una:
¿Los ataques de ciberterrorismo perpetrados por el DAESH se encuentran
previstos en la definición de terrorismo y por ende, encuentran regulación
en el Derecho Internacional Humanitario? Para responderla será necesario
abordar, en primer lugar, la problemática para el consenso en la definición
de terrorismo, ya que a partir de ella y del análisis de la doctrina y
jurisprudencia se podrán desarrollar las características principales del
fénomeno con el fin de contar con una definición propia. En segundo lugar,
es menester analizar la regulación desde la perspectiva del Derecho
Internacional Humanitario, es decir, lo que se señala sobre el fenómeno
desde el Derecho de Ginebra. Finalmente, y con el panorama claro, se dara
paso al tercer punto, el que busca explicar al ciberterrorismo como una
nueva modalidad terrorista. Todo el análisis anterior sirve para apoyar una
única respuesta y es que finalmente los ataques de ciberterrorismo
perpetrados por el DAESH sí se encuentran previstos en la definición de
terrorismo, y con ello, tienen regulación desde el Derecho Internacional
Humanitario.
Cyberspace is a new scenario of confrontation with terrorism, a scenario that requires a different perspective of International Law and is that point several doubts arise, however, the mainstay of this article is limited to answering only one of those question: Are the cyberterrorist attacks perpetrated by the DAESH included in the definition of terrorism and therefore have regulation in International Humanitarian Law? In order to answer this question, it will be necessary to address, first of all, the problem of reaching a consensus on the definition of terrorism, since it is on the basis of this definition and an analysis of the doctrine and case law that the main characteristics of the phenomenon can be developed in order to have a definition of its own. Secondly, it is necessary to analyze the regulation from the perspective of International Humanitarian Law, that is, what is indicated about the phenomenon from the Law of Geneva. Finally, and with a clear overview, we will move on to the third point, which seeks to explain cyberterrorism as a new form of terrorism. All of the above analysis serves to support a single response, and that is that finally the cyberterrorist attacks perpetrated by the DAESH are included in the definition of terrorism, and therefore are regulated by International Humanitarian Law.
Cyberspace is a new scenario of confrontation with terrorism, a scenario that requires a different perspective of International Law and is that point several doubts arise, however, the mainstay of this article is limited to answering only one of those question: Are the cyberterrorist attacks perpetrated by the DAESH included in the definition of terrorism and therefore have regulation in International Humanitarian Law? In order to answer this question, it will be necessary to address, first of all, the problem of reaching a consensus on the definition of terrorism, since it is on the basis of this definition and an analysis of the doctrine and case law that the main characteristics of the phenomenon can be developed in order to have a definition of its own. Secondly, it is necessary to analyze the regulation from the perspective of International Humanitarian Law, that is, what is indicated about the phenomenon from the Law of Geneva. Finally, and with a clear overview, we will move on to the third point, which seeks to explain cyberterrorism as a new form of terrorism. All of the above analysis serves to support a single response, and that is that finally the cyberterrorist attacks perpetrated by the DAESH are included in the definition of terrorism, and therefore are regulated by International Humanitarian Law.
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Terrorismo internacional, Terrorismo islámico, Ciberterrorismo, Derecho internacional humanitario
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