Informe jurídico sobre la Sentencia A.P. N° 29126-2018 LIMA (Inaplicación de consulta previa)
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2023-08-02
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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A raíz de la interposición de una demanda de acción popular por parte de
Asociación Interétnica de Desarrollo de la Selva Peruana cuestionando (i) la
Decimoquinta Disposición Complementaria, Transitoria y Final del Reglamento
de la Ley de Consulta Previa, y (ii) la Directiva que desarrolla dicha Disposición,
el presente informe tiene por objetivo responder la interrogante jurídica de si
corresponde o no la inaplicación del proceso de consulta previa para el desarrollo
de proyectos de infraestructura en materia de salud, educación y otros servicios
públicos. Para resolver dicha interrogante, entre los instrumentos normativos
utilizados se encuentra la normativa peruana en materia de derecho procesal
constitucional, derecho constitucional, derecho administrativo y derecho de los
pueblos indígenas, así como jurisprudencia y doctrina nacional e internacional
sobre dichas materias.
Como resultado del análisis jurídico, se concluye que no corresponde la
inaplicación del proceso de consulta previa, en tanto que dicha exoneración
contraviene a los artículos 2, 3, 4 y 5 de la Ley de Consulta Previa y los artículos
6 y 7 del Convenio 169, y resulta desproporcionada. Sin perjuicio de lo anterior,
consideramos que, en el caso bajo análisis, la Corte Suprema no debió declarar
la retroactividad de la expulsión de las normas cuestionadas (ni tampoco la
nulidad de las medidas administrativas aprobadas bajo tales normas), en tanto
que ello no estuvo suficientemente sustentado en la sentencia emitida, excede
sus facultades en el marco del proceso de acción popular, y genera afectaciones
a la seguridad jurídica.
Following the filing of a class action lawsuit (acción popular) by the Interethnic Association for the Development of the Peruvian Jungle (Asociación Interétnica de Desarrollo de la Selva Peruana) challenging (i) the Fifteenth Complementary, Transitory and Final Provision of the Regulations of the Law on Prior Consultation, and (ii) the Directive that develops said Provision, the purpose of this report is to answer the legal question about the applicability or not of the prior consultation process for the development of infrastructure projects in the matters of health, education and other public services. In order to solve this question, among the normative instruments used are the Peruvian regulations on constitutional procedural law, constitutional law, administrative law and indigenous peoples' law, as well as national and international jurisprudence and doctrine on such matters. As a result of the legal analysis, it is concluded that the non-application of the prior consultation process is not appropriate, since such exemption infringes Articles 2, 3, 4 and 5 of the Prior Consultation Law and Articles 6 and 7 of Convention 169, and is disproportionate. Notwithstanding the foregoing, it is our opinion that, in the case under analysis, the Supreme Court should not have declared the retroactivity of the expulsion of the challenged regulations (nor the nullity of the administrative measures approved under such regulations), since this was not sufficiently supported in the judgment issued, exceeds its powers in the framework of the popular action process, and generates affectations to legal certainty.
Following the filing of a class action lawsuit (acción popular) by the Interethnic Association for the Development of the Peruvian Jungle (Asociación Interétnica de Desarrollo de la Selva Peruana) challenging (i) the Fifteenth Complementary, Transitory and Final Provision of the Regulations of the Law on Prior Consultation, and (ii) the Directive that develops said Provision, the purpose of this report is to answer the legal question about the applicability or not of the prior consultation process for the development of infrastructure projects in the matters of health, education and other public services. In order to solve this question, among the normative instruments used are the Peruvian regulations on constitutional procedural law, constitutional law, administrative law and indigenous peoples' law, as well as national and international jurisprudence and doctrine on such matters. As a result of the legal analysis, it is concluded that the non-application of the prior consultation process is not appropriate, since such exemption infringes Articles 2, 3, 4 and 5 of the Prior Consultation Law and Articles 6 and 7 of Convention 169, and is disproportionate. Notwithstanding the foregoing, it is our opinion that, in the case under analysis, the Supreme Court should not have declared the retroactivity of the expulsion of the challenged regulations (nor the nullity of the administrative measures approved under such regulations), since this was not sufficiently supported in the judgment issued, exceeds its powers in the framework of the popular action process, and generates affectations to legal certainty.
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Pueblos indígenas, Servicios públicos, Acción popular (Derecho)
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