Informe jurídico sobre la Sentencia 310/2023 (Exp. Nº 03326-2017-PA/TC) : El otorgamiento de la concesión minera como un supuesto de afectación directa a los derechos de los pueblos indígenas: Análisis de la oportunidad de la consulta previa
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2024-08-12
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente análisis surge a partir de la demanda de amparo interpuesta por la
Comunidad Campesina de Asacasi debido al otorgamiento de concesiones
mineras dentro de su territorio sin que se haya efectuado previamente una
consulta.
En última instancia, esta fue declarada infundada por el Tribunal Constitucional,
principalmente, porque se estimó que el mero otorgamiento de la concesión
minera no conllevaba una afectación directa a los derechos de la referida
comunidad. Por ende, no correspondía que el Estado Peruano realice la consulta
antes de otorgar la concesión.
En ese entender, a lo largo de este informe, se cuestionará dicha decisión, pues,
es contraria a normativa y jurisprudencia internacional. Específicamente, se
emplea aquello desarrollado en el Convenio 169 de la Organización Internacional
del Trabajo y la Declaración de las Naciones Unidas sobre los derechos de los
pueblos indígenas. Asimismo, se aplica lo señalado por la Corte Interamericana
de Derechos Humanos sobre la materia.
Como consecuencia de la evaluación, este informe postula que, en el
ordenamiento peruano, la concesión minera implica una afectación a la esfera
jurídica de los derechos de los pueblos indígenas. Por ende, antes de su
otorgamiento, es necesario que el Estado Peruano realice la consulta a los
pueblos interesados.
This analysis arises from the amparo lawsuit filed by the Campesino Community of Asacasi due to the granting of mining concessions within their territory without prior consultation. In the last instance, the Constitutional Court declared it unfounded, mainly because it considered that the mere granting of the mining concession did not directly affect the rights of the community. Therefore, it was not appropriate for the Peruvian State to carry out the consultation before granting the concession. In this understanding, throughout this report, this decision will be questioned, as it is contrary to international norms and jurisprudence. Specifically, we use the provisions of Convention 169 of the International Labour Organization and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Likewise, what is stated by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights on the matter is applied. As a consequence of the evaluation, this report postulates that, in the Peruvian legal system, the mining concession implies an affectation of the legal sphere of the rights of indigenous peoples. Therefore, before granting the concession, the Peruvian State must consult with the indigenous peoples concerned.
This analysis arises from the amparo lawsuit filed by the Campesino Community of Asacasi due to the granting of mining concessions within their territory without prior consultation. In the last instance, the Constitutional Court declared it unfounded, mainly because it considered that the mere granting of the mining concession did not directly affect the rights of the community. Therefore, it was not appropriate for the Peruvian State to carry out the consultation before granting the concession. In this understanding, throughout this report, this decision will be questioned, as it is contrary to international norms and jurisprudence. Specifically, we use the provisions of Convention 169 of the International Labour Organization and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Likewise, what is stated by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights on the matter is applied. As a consequence of the evaluation, this report postulates that, in the Peruvian legal system, the mining concession implies an affectation of the legal sphere of the rights of indigenous peoples. Therefore, before granting the concession, the Peruvian State must consult with the indigenous peoples concerned.
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Pueblos indígenas--Relaciones gubernamentales--Perú--Cotabambas (Apurímac :Provincia), Industria minera--Perú--Cotabambas (Apurímac :Provincia), Concesiones--Perú--Cotabambas (Apurímac :Provincia), Derecho indígena--Perú, Derechos humanos
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