Análisis de la Sentencia recaída sobre el Expediente No 00012-2019-PI/TC, Demanda de acción de Inconstitucionalidad interpuesta por un conjunto de ciudadanos contra la Ordenanza 014-2018-MPSCH
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2023-07-31
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Con la promulgación del Decreto Supremo N° 015-2007-AG, se suprimió la
potestad de los gobiernos locales de crear áreas de conservación municipal
(“ACM”). Sin embargo, ello no fue obstáculo para que las municipalidades
continúen estableciendo ACM como mecanismo para suspender las
actividades mineras en espacios que estimaban de especial vulnerabilidad,
como cuencas hidrográficas. Tal es el caso que se analizará, en el cual,
mediante demanda de inconstitucionalidad, se cuestiona la legalidad de la
Ordenanza 014-2018-MPSCH que dicta diversas medidas para proteger las
fuentes de agua dulce de la provincia de Santiago de Chuco, en un contexto de
conflicto socioambiental en La Libertad.
En ese sentido, este informe tiene como objeto desarrollar cuatro problemas
jurídicos identificados del análisis de la Sentencia 343/2020 en torno a los dos
siguientes ejes: la constitucionalidad de la suspensión de actividades que
potencialmente puedan afectar fuentes de agua dulce por parte de las
municipalidades y la legalidad del establecimiento de ACM por parte de
gobiernos locales. Para responder a dichas cuestiones, se empleará normativa
y jurisprudencia constitucional en materia de áreas naturales protegidas,
recursos hídricos, descentralización y recursos constitucionales. Tras arribar a
una conclusión sobre la constitucionalidad de la Ordenanza, a manera de
recomendación, se esbozarán posibles vías de actuación del Tribunal frente a
futuros casos similares al presente, haciendo énfasis en la necesidad de que
este se pronuncie sobre el estatus de las ACM en el ordenamiento jurídico
desde su concepción en el Reglamento de la Ley de ANP hasta la actualidad.
With the promulgation of Supreme Decree No. 015-2007-AG, the power of local governments to create Municipal Conservation Areas (“MCA”) was abolished. However, this was not an obstacle for the municipalities to continue establishing MCA as a mechanism to suspend mining activities in spaces that they considered to be especially vulnerable, such as hydrographic basins. Such is the case under analysis, in which, through a claim of unconstitutionality, the legality of Ordinance 014-2018-MPSCH, which dictates various measures in order to protect the sources of fresh water in the province of Santiago de Chuco, is questioned, in a context of socio-environmental conflict in La Libertad. In that sense, the purpose of this report is to develop four legal problems identified from the analysis of Sentence 343/2020 around the two following axes: the constitutionality of the suspension of activities that could potentially affect freshwater sources on the part of the municipalities and the legality of the establishment of MCA on the part of local governments. To answer these questions, constitutional regulations and jurisprudence will be used in terms of protected natural areas, water resources, decentralization and constitutional resources. After reaching a conclusion on the legality of the Ordinance, as a recommendation, possible courses of action of the Tribunal will be outlined in future cases similar to the present one, emphasizing the need for it to rule on the status of the MCA in the legal system from its conception in the Regulation of the ANP Law to the present.
With the promulgation of Supreme Decree No. 015-2007-AG, the power of local governments to create Municipal Conservation Areas (“MCA”) was abolished. However, this was not an obstacle for the municipalities to continue establishing MCA as a mechanism to suspend mining activities in spaces that they considered to be especially vulnerable, such as hydrographic basins. Such is the case under analysis, in which, through a claim of unconstitutionality, the legality of Ordinance 014-2018-MPSCH, which dictates various measures in order to protect the sources of fresh water in the province of Santiago de Chuco, is questioned, in a context of socio-environmental conflict in La Libertad. In that sense, the purpose of this report is to develop four legal problems identified from the analysis of Sentence 343/2020 around the two following axes: the constitutionality of the suspension of activities that could potentially affect freshwater sources on the part of the municipalities and the legality of the establishment of MCA on the part of local governments. To answer these questions, constitutional regulations and jurisprudence will be used in terms of protected natural areas, water resources, decentralization and constitutional resources. After reaching a conclusion on the legality of the Ordinance, as a recommendation, possible courses of action of the Tribunal will be outlined in future cases similar to the present one, emphasizing the need for it to rule on the status of the MCA in the legal system from its conception in the Regulation of the ANP Law to the present.
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Áreas naturales--Protección--Perú, Ordenanzas municipales--Perú
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