Uso de metodología basada en problemas para la construcción de aprendizajes significativos en cursos de Física en una Universidad privada de Lima
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2024-10-17
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La tesis presenta el diseño de un proyecto de innovación para la construcción
de aprendizajes significativos en cursos de Física de carreras de Ciencias e
Ingeniería. La necesidad de innovación surge por el panorama encontrado en una
universidad privada de Lima, que se caracteriza por estar copada de clases
magistrales, donde los alumnos únicamente memorizan procesos/conceptos sin
necesariamente interiorizarlos.
Se realizó una revisión de antecedentes de innovación de metodologías
puestas en práctica en otras instituciones que buscaban modificar lo mencionado
anteriormente, para así elegir al aprendizaje basado en problemas como la
alternativa más idónea para lograr que los contenidos trasciendan en el tiempo.
Tras analizar el contexto encontrado en los cursos, alumnos y docentes
involucrados, se opta por designar la resolución de grandes problemáticas
desglosadas por clase a ser cubiertas durante una unidad, y así puedan ser unidas
las partes como un rompecabezas. Dichas problemáticas - de carácter real, verídico,
útil y con trasfondo histórico, brindarán el aspecto “significativo” necesario (junto a la
forma de abordarlas) para permitir que los conceptos permanezcan en la estructura
cognitiva del estudiante. La metodología también incidirá en una evaluación basada
en el proceso y la reflexión, el uso de nuevos recursos y la modificación de sílabos.
Tras una validación con expertos y alumnos, se concluyen los aportes del
proyecto para dar un enfoque funcional, innovador en el contexto y que permite
adaptar a los estudiantes a un paradigma educativo que propicia el análisis, el
trabajo colaborativo y principalmente, la posibilidad de consolidar aprendizajes
significativos.
The thesis presents the design of an innovation project for the construction of meaningful learning in Physics courses in Science and Engineering majors. The need for innovation arises from the panorama found in a private university in Lima, which is characterized by being full of lectures, where students only memorize processes/concepts without necessarily internalizing them. A review was made of the background of innovation in methodologies put into practice in other institutions that sought to modify the above, in order to choose problem-based learning as the most suitable alternative to ensure that the contents transcend over time. After analyzing the context found in the courses, students and teachers involved, it was decided to designate the resolution of large problems broken down by class to be covered during a unit, so that the parts can be put together like a puzzle. These problems - of a real, truthful, useful nature and with a historical background - will provide the necessary "significant" aspect (along with the way of addressing them) to allow the concepts to remain in the student's cognitive structure. The methodology will also include an evaluation based on the process and reflection, the use of new resources and the modification of syllabi. After validation with experts and students, the project's contributions are concluded to provide a functional, innovative approach in the context and that allows students to adapt to an educational paradigm that encourages analysis, collaborative work and, mainly, the possibility of consolidating significant learning.
The thesis presents the design of an innovation project for the construction of meaningful learning in Physics courses in Science and Engineering majors. The need for innovation arises from the panorama found in a private university in Lima, which is characterized by being full of lectures, where students only memorize processes/concepts without necessarily internalizing them. A review was made of the background of innovation in methodologies put into practice in other institutions that sought to modify the above, in order to choose problem-based learning as the most suitable alternative to ensure that the contents transcend over time. After analyzing the context found in the courses, students and teachers involved, it was decided to designate the resolution of large problems broken down by class to be covered during a unit, so that the parts can be put together like a puzzle. These problems - of a real, truthful, useful nature and with a historical background - will provide the necessary "significant" aspect (along with the way of addressing them) to allow the concepts to remain in the student's cognitive structure. The methodology will also include an evaluation based on the process and reflection, the use of new resources and the modification of syllabi. After validation with experts and students, the project's contributions are concluded to provide a functional, innovative approach in the context and that allows students to adapt to an educational paradigm that encourages analysis, collaborative work and, mainly, the possibility of consolidating significant learning.
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Formación profesional de maestros, Física--Estudio y enseñanza (Superior), Enseñanza superior--Metodología, Aprendizaje (Educación)--Investigaciones
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