Opio digital: una farmacología del metaverso
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2024-07-11
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La presente investigación interpreta al Metaverso como un fármaco; es decir, como un
fenómeno simultáneamente perjudicial y beneficioso para sus usuarios y para la sociedad
en su conjunto. El análisis se realiza siguiendo una trayectoria de tres momentos. En un
primer momento, se revisan ciertas características internas del Metaverso así como los
discursos publicitarios y académicos que lo acompañan y se identifica a la pretensión de
evadir la realidad como la actitud existencial fundamental en su actual configuración. Esta
actitud está compuesta por elementos de dualismo ontológico, ética individualista y
dogmatismo epistémico. En un segundo momento, se sostiene que la mencionada actitud
es la variable decisiva para hacer del Metaverso una experiencia tóxica, pues induce a la
constitución de lo que llamo “idiotización dolorosa”. Esta idiotización se articula en
planos correlativos a los de la actitud existencial escapista y abarca el fomento de la
intolerancia a la frustración, el estancamiento en el narcisismo patológico y la destrucción
capitalista del deseo. En un tercer momento, se exploran algunas experiencias concretas
de la realidad virtual que, incluso dentro de la toxicidad, prefiguran espacios beneficiosos
y curativos. Estos espacios brindan, por un lado, una oportunidad de autoconocimiento
del deseo y, por otro lado, estimulan la conciencia del carácter efímero de la realidad, por
lo que dan pistas para la construcción de una trascendencia en la inmanencia. A partir de
esta trayectoria, se concluye que el Metaverso es un fármaco con propensión a la
toxicidad, aunque en esa toxicidad está latente su propio remedio.
This investigation reads the Metaverse as a pharmakon, that is to say, as a simultaneously harmful and beneficial phenomenon both for its users and for the society as a whole. The analysis follows a three-moment trajectory. At the first moment, certain internal features of the Metaverse, as well as the advertising and academic discourses that go along with it, are reviewed in order to identify the reality-evasion intention as the fundamental existential attitude in its current configuration. This attitude includes elements of ontological dualism, individualistic ethics and epistemic dogmatism. At the second moment, it is contended that the aforementioned attitude is the decisive variable that turns the Metaverse into a toxic experience, insofar as it leads to the constitution of what I call “painful idiotization”. This idiotization is articulated in planes correlative of those from the escapist existential attitude and it includes the furtherance of frustration intolerance, the stagnation on pathological narcissism and the capitalist destruction of desire. The third moment explores some concrete virtual reality experiences which, even within toxicity, prefigure beneficial and healing spaces. These spaces provide, on the one hand, an opportunity for desire self-knowledge and, on the other hand, they stimulate the consciousness of the ephemeral nature of reality, so that they give clues for the construction of a transcendence within immanence. According to this trajectory, the conclusion is that the Metaverse is a pharmakon with toxicity propension, even though internal to this toxicity lies latent its own remedy.
This investigation reads the Metaverse as a pharmakon, that is to say, as a simultaneously harmful and beneficial phenomenon both for its users and for the society as a whole. The analysis follows a three-moment trajectory. At the first moment, certain internal features of the Metaverse, as well as the advertising and academic discourses that go along with it, are reviewed in order to identify the reality-evasion intention as the fundamental existential attitude in its current configuration. This attitude includes elements of ontological dualism, individualistic ethics and epistemic dogmatism. At the second moment, it is contended that the aforementioned attitude is the decisive variable that turns the Metaverse into a toxic experience, insofar as it leads to the constitution of what I call “painful idiotization”. This idiotization is articulated in planes correlative of those from the escapist existential attitude and it includes the furtherance of frustration intolerance, the stagnation on pathological narcissism and the capitalist destruction of desire. The third moment explores some concrete virtual reality experiences which, even within toxicity, prefigure beneficial and healing spaces. These spaces provide, on the one hand, an opportunity for desire self-knowledge and, on the other hand, they stimulate the consciousness of the ephemeral nature of reality, so that they give clues for the construction of a transcendence within immanence. According to this trajectory, the conclusion is that the Metaverse is a pharmakon with toxicity propension, even though internal to this toxicity lies latent its own remedy.
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Neoliberalismo, Realidad virtual, Conocimiento
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