Comparativa técnica y financiera de dos alternativas a la Carretera Central bajo la modalidad de asociación público privada con esquema de concesión cofinanciada y financiación Project Finance
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2024-05-10
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La Carretera Central es la vía más importante de la zona centro del Perú debido a que facilita
el dinamismo económico entre la selva y sierra central con Lima (el fin de la Carretera Central
se centra en el transporte de personas y de productos agrícolas y ganaderos). Asimismo, es la
única carretera que conecta Lima y La Oroya (nodo al que llegan las carreteras de la sierra
norcentral y surcentral). No obstante, de su relevancia, esta vía se encuentra en graves
problemas de capacidad, debido a que el IMD (Índice Medio Diario) de diseño está muy por
debajo de la demanda actual de tráfico. Su operación actual se funda en un contrato de
concesión autofinanciada que inició el 2010 y se extiende por 25 años. Con óptica en este
problema, el Gobierno del Perú declaró de necesidad pública e interés nacional la construcción
de un tramo alternativo a la Carretera Central (Ley N°30568). Partiendo de este concepto; y
con vista a la gran diversidad de modalidades de ejecución de Proyectos de Inversión Pública
(PIP); se proponen y estudian dos alternativas a la actual Carretera Central bajo contratación
de Asociación Público Privada (APP) con esquema de concesión cofinanciada y con
financiamiento Project Finance. Después de estudiar las características técnicas de las
alternativas, se realiza un Análisis Costo Beneficio para obtener la viabilidad socioeconómica
del proyecto obteniéndose valores de TIRS mayores a la tasa social de descuento y valores de
VANS mayores a cero; obteniéndose así fundamentos aceptables para la realización de los PIP.
Adicionalmente, se realizan modelos financieros para hallar la rentabilidad financiera de los
PIP, obteniéndose indicadores financieros (TIR, VAN, Payback) a favor de la inversión.
Finalmente se realiza una comparativa entre las alternativas con la metodología CBA
(Choosing by advantages, en inglés) y se decide la realización del PIP de la primera alternativa.
The Central Highway is the most important road in central Peru because it facilitates economic dynamism between the jungle and central highlands and Lima (the purpose of the Central Highway is to transport people and agricultural and livestock products). It is also the only road that connects Lima and La Oroya (a hub for the north-central and south-central highlands). Despite its relevance, this road has serious capacity problems because the design IMD is far below current traffic demand. Its current operation is based on a self-financed concession contract that began in 2010 and extends for 25 years. In view of this problem, the Government of Peru declared of public necessity and national interest the construction of an alternative section to the Central Highway (Law N°30568). Based on this concept, and in view of the great diversity of execution modalities of Public Investment Projects (PIP), two alternatives to the current Central Highway are proposed and studied under Public Private Partnership (PPP) contracting with a co-financed concession scheme and Project Finance financing. After studying the technical characteristics of the alternatives, a Cost Benefit Analysis is performed to obtain the socioeconomic viability of the project, obtaining IRR values greater than the social discount rate and NPV values greater than zero, thus obtaining acceptable foundations for the implementation of the PIPs. Additionally, financial models are made to find the financial profitability of the PIPs, obtaining financial indicators (IRR, NPV, Payback) in favor of the investment. Finally, a comparison is made between the alternatives with the CBA (Choosing by advantages) methodology and a decision is made to carry out the PIP of the first alternative.
The Central Highway is the most important road in central Peru because it facilitates economic dynamism between the jungle and central highlands and Lima (the purpose of the Central Highway is to transport people and agricultural and livestock products). It is also the only road that connects Lima and La Oroya (a hub for the north-central and south-central highlands). Despite its relevance, this road has serious capacity problems because the design IMD is far below current traffic demand. Its current operation is based on a self-financed concession contract that began in 2010 and extends for 25 years. In view of this problem, the Government of Peru declared of public necessity and national interest the construction of an alternative section to the Central Highway (Law N°30568). Based on this concept, and in view of the great diversity of execution modalities of Public Investment Projects (PIP), two alternatives to the current Central Highway are proposed and studied under Public Private Partnership (PPP) contracting with a co-financed concession scheme and Project Finance financing. After studying the technical characteristics of the alternatives, a Cost Benefit Analysis is performed to obtain the socioeconomic viability of the project, obtaining IRR values greater than the social discount rate and NPV values greater than zero, thus obtaining acceptable foundations for the implementation of the PIPs. Additionally, financial models are made to find the financial profitability of the PIPs, obtaining financial indicators (IRR, NPV, Payback) in favor of the investment. Finally, a comparison is made between the alternatives with the CBA (Choosing by advantages) methodology and a decision is made to carry out the PIP of the first alternative.
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Carreteras--Diseño y construcción--Perú, Cooperación pública-privada--Perú, Concesiones--Perú, Inversiones--Perú, Proyectos de desarrollo económico--Finanzas--Perú
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