Informe jurídico sobre la Sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional recaída en el Expediente N° 03696- 2017-PA/TC
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2023-07-31
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente informe jurídico analiza la situación estructural del despojo territorial
de la Comunidad Nativa de Santa Clara de Uchunya a través de la vulneración
de sus derechos fundamentales a la propiedad y aprovechamiento de recursos
naturales. Se trata de un proceso constitucional de amparo interpuesto por la
Comunidad Nativa en donde se va a determinar si, efectivamente, se han
vulnerado estos derechos.
De igual modo, el territorio ancestral en cuestión ha sido dispuesto a terceros
ajenos a la Comunidad Nativa de Santa Clara de Uchunya. Fuera de ello, esta
disposición de su territorio ha causado gran depredación y degradación de sus
bosques, por lo que comuneros han tenido que trasladarse a otras zonas para
poder gozar y aprovechar de otros recursos naturales.
Asimismo, el informe jurídico enfatiza en las garantías del derecho de propiedad
colectiva de pueblos indígenas desarrollada en los estándares internacionales a
través de la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos.
En ese sentido, se delimita el contenido constitucionalmente protegido del
derecho a la propiedad colectiva de los pueblos indígenas en el Perú.
De esta manera se podrá determinar si el derecho a la propiedad de pueblos
indígenas garantiza la ampliación de titulación territorial que solicita la
Comunidad Nativa y si este derecho comprende la nulidad de actos concedidos
a terceros ajenos a la Comunidad, tales como constancias de posesión que
posteriormente fueron títulos de propiedad.
Para establecer los resultados del informe jurídico es necesario conocer y
distinguir conceptos como pueblos indígenas, tierra, territorio, control de
convencionalidad, control de constitucionalidad. Estas definiciones nos
facilitarán el análisis del caso en concreto.
En suma, el fallo del Tribunal Constitucional en el Pleno 22/2022 vulnera
gravosamente los derechos de la Comunidad Nativa Santa Clara de Uchunya ya
que el proceso constitucional de amparo es la vía idónea para garantizar y
proteger los derechos de la Comunidad Nativa. Para ello, se debe tener en
cuenta que actualmente comuneros siguen experimentando amenazas,
intimidación y criminalización por buscar defender sus derechos.
Por tal razón, sin gozar con el reconocimiento de ampliación del territorio de la
Comunidad Nativa de Santa Clara de Uchunya no cuentan con protección
adecuada no solo de sus tierras sino también otros derechos como la
subsistencia, al disfrute del medio ambiente sano y equilibrado y
aprovechamiento de recursos naturales.
Por ello, es importante que el Estado asuma una voluntad política clara y colocar
el problema de reconocimiento de tierras de pueblos indígenas en su agenda
actual. Abordar el problema de la titulación de tierras como un asunto nacional
no solo promovería el bienestar de las comunidades nativas, sino también del
país y sus bosques.
This legal report analyzes the structural situation of the territorial dispossession of the Native Community of Santa Clara de Uchunya through the violation of their fundamental rights to property and use of natural resources. This is a constitutional amparo process brought by the Native Community where it will be determined if, indeed, these rights have been violated. Similarly, the ancestral territory in question has been disposed of to third parties outside the Native Community of Santa Clara de Uchunya. Apart from that, this disposition of their territory has caused great depredation and degradation of their forests, which is why community members have had to move to other areas to be able to enjoy and take advantage of other natural resources. Likewise, the legal report emphasizes the guarantees of the right to property of indigenous peoples developed in international standards through the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. In this sense, the constitutionally protected content of the right to property of indigenous peoples in Peru is delimited. In this way it will be possible to determine if the right to property of indigenous peoples guarantees the expansion of territorial title requested by the Community of Santa Clara de Uchunya and if this right includes the nullity of acts granted to third parties outside the Community, such as certificates possession and title deeds. To establish the results of the legal report, it is necessary to know and distinguish concepts such as indigenous peoples, land, territory, control of conventionality, control of constitutionality. These definitions will facilitate the analysis of the specific case. In short, the ruling of the Constitutional Court in Plenary Session 22/2022 gravely violates the rights of the Santa Clara de Uchunya Native Community, since the constitutional amparo process is the ideal way to guarantee and protect the rights of the Native Community. For this, it must be taken into account that currently community members continue to experience threats, intimidation and criminalization for seeking to defend their rights. For this reason, without enjoying the recognition of expansion of the territory of the Native Community of Santa Clara de Uchunya, they do not have adequate protection not only of their lands but also other rights such as subsistence, the enjoyment of a healthy and balanced environment and the use of natural resources. For this reason, it is important that the State assume a clear political will and place the problem of recognition of the lands of indigenous peoples on its current agenda. Addressing the issue of land titling as a national issue would not only promote the well-being of native communities, but also the country and its forests.
This legal report analyzes the structural situation of the territorial dispossession of the Native Community of Santa Clara de Uchunya through the violation of their fundamental rights to property and use of natural resources. This is a constitutional amparo process brought by the Native Community where it will be determined if, indeed, these rights have been violated. Similarly, the ancestral territory in question has been disposed of to third parties outside the Native Community of Santa Clara de Uchunya. Apart from that, this disposition of their territory has caused great depredation and degradation of their forests, which is why community members have had to move to other areas to be able to enjoy and take advantage of other natural resources. Likewise, the legal report emphasizes the guarantees of the right to property of indigenous peoples developed in international standards through the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. In this sense, the constitutionally protected content of the right to property of indigenous peoples in Peru is delimited. In this way it will be possible to determine if the right to property of indigenous peoples guarantees the expansion of territorial title requested by the Community of Santa Clara de Uchunya and if this right includes the nullity of acts granted to third parties outside the Community, such as certificates possession and title deeds. To establish the results of the legal report, it is necessary to know and distinguish concepts such as indigenous peoples, land, territory, control of conventionality, control of constitutionality. These definitions will facilitate the analysis of the specific case. In short, the ruling of the Constitutional Court in Plenary Session 22/2022 gravely violates the rights of the Santa Clara de Uchunya Native Community, since the constitutional amparo process is the ideal way to guarantee and protect the rights of the Native Community. For this, it must be taken into account that currently community members continue to experience threats, intimidation and criminalization for seeking to defend their rights. For this reason, without enjoying the recognition of expansion of the territory of the Native Community of Santa Clara de Uchunya, they do not have adequate protection not only of their lands but also other rights such as subsistence, the enjoyment of a healthy and balanced environment and the use of natural resources. For this reason, it is important that the State assume a clear political will and place the problem of recognition of the lands of indigenous peoples on its current agenda. Addressing the issue of land titling as a national issue would not only promote the well-being of native communities, but also the country and its forests.
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Palabras clave
Comunidades nativas--Legislación--Perú, Comunidades nativas--Situación legal, Delitos contra la propiedad--Legislación--Perú, Perú. Tribunal Constitucional--Jurisprudencia
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