Informe jurídico sobre la Sentencia del Pleno del Tribunal Constitucional recaída en el Expediente N° 00001-2022- PI/TC, caso de la regulación del referéndum
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2023-08-08
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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En el presente informe se analiza si la demanda de inconstitucionalidad
interpuesta por el Poder Ejecutivo en contra del artículo único de la Ley N° 31399
debe o no ser declarada fundada por el Tribunal Constitucional. Para ello, se
hace uso de jurisprudencia nacional e internacional, así como de doctrina sobre
la materia para determinar la existencia de vicios de inconstitucionalidad. En ese
sentido, se concluye que la demanda debe ser declarada procedente en tanto
cumple con los requisitos establecidos por el Nuevo Código Procesal
Constitucional. Sin embargo, en el análisis de fondo, se identifica que la norma
impugnada, en efecto, contraviene en su totalidad y directamente a la
Constitución de 1993. De igual manera, se observa que la ley incurre en vicios
de inconstitucionalidad material, debido a que vulnera el contenido
constitucionalmente protegido del derecho a la participación política mediante
referéndum y los principios de soberanía popular y democrático. Finalmente,
debido a la naturaleza de la materia que se pretende regular, la norma incurre,
asimismo, en un vicio de inconstitucionalidad formal al ser expedida siguiendo el
procedimiento regulado para una ley ordinaria cuando, por el contrario,
corresponde su incorporación al ordenamiento jurídico vía reforma constitucional
(es decir, mediante el artículo 206 de la Constitución). Por todo ello, se afirma
que la demanda de inconstitucionalidad debe ser declarada fundada y, en
consecuencia, la Ley N° 31399, expulsada del ordenamiento jurídico.
This report analyzes whether or not the unconstitutionality claim filed by the Executive Branch against the sole article of Law No. 31399 should be declared founded by the Constitutional Court. For this, national and international jurisprudence is used, as well as doctrine on the matter to determine the existence of vices of unconstitutionality. In this sense, it is concluded that the claim must be declared admissible as long as it meets the requirements established by the New Constitutional Procedure Code. However, in the substantive analysis, it is identified that the challenged norm, in effect, completely and directly contravenes the 1993 Constitution. Likewise, it is observed that the law incurs defects of material unconstitutionality since violates the constitutionally protected content of the right to political participation through referendum and the principles of popular and democratic sovereignty. Finally, due to the nature of the matter that is intended to be regulated, the norm also incurs a formal unconstitutionality defect when it is issued following the regulated procedure for an ordinary law when, on the contrary, its incorporation into the legal system corresponds via constitutional reform (that is, through article 206 of the Constitution). For all these reasons, it is stated that the claim of unconstitutionality must be declared founded and, consequently, Law N° 31399, expelled from the legal system.
This report analyzes whether or not the unconstitutionality claim filed by the Executive Branch against the sole article of Law No. 31399 should be declared founded by the Constitutional Court. For this, national and international jurisprudence is used, as well as doctrine on the matter to determine the existence of vices of unconstitutionality. In this sense, it is concluded that the claim must be declared admissible as long as it meets the requirements established by the New Constitutional Procedure Code. However, in the substantive analysis, it is identified that the challenged norm, in effect, completely and directly contravenes the 1993 Constitution. Likewise, it is observed that the law incurs defects of material unconstitutionality since violates the constitutionally protected content of the right to political participation through referendum and the principles of popular and democratic sovereignty. Finally, due to the nature of the matter that is intended to be regulated, the norm also incurs a formal unconstitutionality defect when it is issued following the regulated procedure for an ordinary law when, on the contrary, its incorporation into the legal system corresponds via constitutional reform (that is, through article 206 of the Constitution). For all these reasons, it is stated that the claim of unconstitutionality must be declared founded and, consequently, Law N° 31399, expelled from the legal system.
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Palabras clave
Derechos fundamentales--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Inconstitucionalidad de la ley--Perú, Referéndum--Perú, Participación política, Democracia--Perú, Derecho procesal constitucional--Perú