Con un gran poder, llega una gran responsabilidad: la aplicación del proceso de Extinción de Dominio a grandes casos de corrupción y crimen organizado. A propósito de la Casación N° 1408-2017-PUNO
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2021-08-17
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Resumen
El Derecho va cambiando según las necesidades que deba afrontar la sociedad, y
con ello, van surgiendo nuevos tipos penales, otros van actualizándose, e incluso
se crean nuevas formas de combatir el delito a través de procesos especiales.
Siendo esto así, debemos ir a la par de estas actualizaciones, analizando y
cuestionando lo nuevo que nos trae el Derecho. Es por eso que, el objetivo de este
trabajo es, sobretodo, despejar las dudas más recurrentes que existen sobre un
proceso creado para combatir “bienes” que contribuyen a la corrupción, que el
Derecho Penal y Procesal Penal recién están conociendo, y que cobra
protagonismo en la Casación N° 1408-2017-PUNO: el proceso de extinción de
dominio aplicado a procesos de naturaleza compleja como de lavado de activos
cuyo delito previo -en el caso- reside en la minería ilegal. Después de todo, sin el
conocimiento pleno de sus alcances y propósitos, existirá la posibilidad de que se
emitan sentencias que contravengan derechos fundamentales o que supongan una
situación de impunidad. Es por este motivo que se realizará un análisis con
respecto al proceso de extinción de dominio, para entender cuál es su objeto de
aplicación (sobre todo en los casos de minería ilegal y lavado de activos), sus
limitaciones, y cómo es su tratamiento respecto de los terceros de buena fe, para
después compararlo con los modelos instaurados en Colombia y México,
determinando cuáles son sus aciertos y desaciertos, y, en ese sentido, presentar
recomendaciones para un proceso que considero no se le ha otorgado la
importancia debida en la lucha contra la corrupción.
We know that Law is changing according to the needs that society must face, and with this, new criminal types are emerging, others are being updated, and new ways of combating crime are even created through special processes. Clarity, we must go hand in hand with these updates, analyzing and questioning what is new that Law brings us. This is why the objective of this work is, above all, to clear up the most recurrent doubts that exist about a process created to combat “assets” that contribute to corruption, that Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure are just learning about, and that charges prominence in Cassation 1408-2017-PUNO: the domain extinction action applied to processes of complex nature such as money laundering whose previous crime -in the case- lies in illegal mining. After all, without full knowledge of its scope and purposes, there will be possibility that sentences will be issued that violate fundamental rights or imply a situation of impunity. It is for this reason that an analysis will be carried out with respect to the domain extinction action, to understand what is its object of application (especially in cases of illegal mining and money laundering), its limitations, and how is its treatment regarding of third parties in good faith, to later compare it with the models established in Colombia and Mexico, determining what their successes and failures are, and, in that sense, present recommendations for a process that, I believe, has not been given due importance in the fight against corruption.
We know that Law is changing according to the needs that society must face, and with this, new criminal types are emerging, others are being updated, and new ways of combating crime are even created through special processes. Clarity, we must go hand in hand with these updates, analyzing and questioning what is new that Law brings us. This is why the objective of this work is, above all, to clear up the most recurrent doubts that exist about a process created to combat “assets” that contribute to corruption, that Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure are just learning about, and that charges prominence in Cassation 1408-2017-PUNO: the domain extinction action applied to processes of complex nature such as money laundering whose previous crime -in the case- lies in illegal mining. After all, without full knowledge of its scope and purposes, there will be possibility that sentences will be issued that violate fundamental rights or imply a situation of impunity. It is for this reason that an analysis will be carried out with respect to the domain extinction action, to understand what is its object of application (especially in cases of illegal mining and money laundering), its limitations, and how is its treatment regarding of third parties in good faith, to later compare it with the models established in Colombia and Mexico, determining what their successes and failures are, and, in that sense, present recommendations for a process that, I believe, has not been given due importance in the fight against corruption.
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Derecho de propiedad, Buena fe (Derecho), Debido proceso--Perú, Lavado de dinero--Legislación--Perú, Crimen organizado, Derecho penal--Perú
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