Crear y validar a un artista. Joaquín López Antay, su obra y el Estado (1940-1977)
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2024-07-03
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La presente investigación analiza la obra del retablista ayacuchano Joaquín
López Antay. Que este artista reciba el Premio Nacional de Cultura en 1975
provocó una polémica y un debate en torno a sus condición de artista. Sin perder
de vista dicho debate, esta tesis realizó una vuelta al pasado para entender cómo
la obra del artista se insertó en un espacio desconocido para él hasta que tuvo
contacto con la pintora indigenista Alicia Bustamante.
Pretendo demostrar que los cambios realizados al cajón
sanmarcos tradicional, sugeridos por la pintora, no solo permitieron la creación
de una tipología artística moderna como el retablo ayacuchano, sino que, por,
sobre todo, introdujo a López Antay al mercado artístico urbano. Es en este
nuevo espacio que él mantuvo características específicas de
sanmarcos tradicional en la tipología moderna del retablo, creando espacios de
resistencias visibles en su obra, así como en su modo de producir, pues hizo
respetar su tiempo y espacio de creación. Analizados en diversos contextos
sociales, económicos y culturales, donde el rol estatal jugó un papel puntual en
la difusión de su obra, permiten comprender que el creador determinó su
propia condición de artista al saber aprovechar los nuevos espacio y poder
responder de manera concreta ante las críticas cuando se cuestionó su arte.
The present research analyzes the work of Ayacucho altarpiece-maker Joaquín López Antay. His winning the National Culture Prize in 1975 provoked controversy and debate about his status as an artist. Without losing sight of said debate, this thesis delves into the past to understand how the artist's work was situated in a space unfamiliar to him until he encountered the indigenista painter Alicia Bustamante. I aim to demonstrate that the changes suggested by the painter to the traditional Sanmarcos altar box not only facilitated the creation of a modern artistic typology like the Ayacucho altarpiece but, more importantly, introduced López Antay to the urban art market. It was within this new sphere that he retained specific characteristics of the traditional Sanmarcos in the modern altarpiece typology, creating visible acts of resistance in his work as well as in his approach to production, where he insisted on respecting his own time and space. By analyzing various social, economic, and cultural contexts, wherein the role of the state played a pivotal part in the dissemination of his work, we can understand that the artist self-determined his status as an artist, adept at capitalizing on new opportunities, and capable of offering concrete responses to criticisms of his art.
The present research analyzes the work of Ayacucho altarpiece-maker Joaquín López Antay. His winning the National Culture Prize in 1975 provoked controversy and debate about his status as an artist. Without losing sight of said debate, this thesis delves into the past to understand how the artist's work was situated in a space unfamiliar to him until he encountered the indigenista painter Alicia Bustamante. I aim to demonstrate that the changes suggested by the painter to the traditional Sanmarcos altar box not only facilitated the creation of a modern artistic typology like the Ayacucho altarpiece but, more importantly, introduced López Antay to the urban art market. It was within this new sphere that he retained specific characteristics of the traditional Sanmarcos in the modern altarpiece typology, creating visible acts of resistance in his work as well as in his approach to production, where he insisted on respecting his own time and space. By analyzing various social, economic, and cultural contexts, wherein the role of the state played a pivotal part in the dissemination of his work, we can understand that the artist self-determined his status as an artist, adept at capitalizing on new opportunities, and capable of offering concrete responses to criticisms of his art.
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López Antay, Joaquín--Estudio y crítica, Arte y Estado--Perú, Retablos--Perú, Artesanos peruanos (López)
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