Desarrollo de la gestión local y participación de sus actores en dos distritos de Huánuco a partir de los planes de acción articulados en el marco del Plan Multisectorial de Lucha Contra la Anemia (PMLCA) en los años 2018-2019
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2021-02-24
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La anemia en menores de 36 meses de edad es un problema de salud pública nacional.
En julio 2018, en el marco del “Plan Multisectorial de lucha contra la Anemia” (PMLCA),
se evidenció la necesidad de su implementación con una gestión territorial, donde el
alcalde lidere y articule los esfuerzos locales. Se propuso conocer el desarrollo de la
gestión local y participación de actores locales en dos distritos de Huánuco.
Se realizó una Investigación cualitativa en la región Huánuco, en los distritos de
Churubamba (priorizado por el PMLCA) y Chinchao (no priorizado), ambos incluidos en
la Meta 4 MINSA: “Acciones para promover la adecuada alimentación, prevención y
reducción de la anemia”, que inició en marzo del 2019. En cada distrito, en función a la
Instancia de Articulación Local (IAL) conformada se realizaron 8 entrevistas en
profundidad y 3 grupos focales, considerando el mapeo de actores locales. La
información recolectada corresponde a las acciones del PMLCA a partir del último
trimestre del 2018, realizándose el trabajo de campo durante el mes de junio del 2019.
Los resultados estuvieron agrupados en cinco dimensiones: Generación de la IAL,
Mapeo de actores, Diagnóstico local, Plan de acción, y Gestión local articulada.
En relación con la IAL, en Chinchao ya estaba instalada no así en Churubamba. En
ambos distritos el Mapeo de actores hizo énfasis en tres instituciones: Municipio, Salud
y Programas Sociales (MIDIS), y en minoría a agentes comunitarios, quienes conocen
la problemática local y desarrollan la Meta 4. El Diagnóstico incluyó en su mayoría solo
problemas de salud y alimentación relacionados con Anemia, observando la necesidad
de capacitar a los agentes locales y verificar el trabajo del personal de salud. Con
relación al Plan de acción, este ha migrado a priorizar la Meta 4. En ambos distritos no
se tuvo participación de la comunidad o sus líderes (se comunicó a los agentes
comunitarios sobre las visitas domiciliarias). El desarrollo de la Gestión local articulada
fue puntual, si bien ambos distritos reconocen la importancia del trabajo articulado y la
IAL, solo se observa coordinaciones entre Municipio, Salud y Programas Sociales.
La voluntad y compromiso de autoridades permitió mayor sensibilización de la
comunidad y apoyo a agentes comunitarios, considerando el incentivo de la visita
domiciliaria. Pese a observar equipos comprometidos y sensibilizados, no queda claro
el trabajo multisectorial ni la importancia de reducir la Anemia para el bienestar de los
niños.
Anemia in children under 36 months of age is a national public health problem. In July 2018, within the framework of the Multisectoral Plan to combat Anemia (PMLCA), the need for its implementation with territorial management was evident, where the mayor leads and articulates local efforts. It was proposed to know the development of local management and participation of local actors in two districts of Huánuco. A qualitative investigation was carried out in the Huánuco region, in the districts of Churubamba (prioritized by the PMLCA) and Chinchao (not prioritized), both included in Goal 4 MINSA: “Actions to promote adequate nutrition, prevention and reduction of anemia”, which began in March 2019. In each district, based on the Local Articulation Instance (IAL) formed, 8 in-depth interviews and 3 focus groups were conducted, considering the mapping of local actors. The information collected corresponds to the actions of the PMLCA as of the last quarter of 2018, and the fieldwork was carried out during the month of June 2019. The results were grouped into five dimensions: Generation of the IAL, Mapping of actors, Local Diagnosis, Action plan and articulated local management. In relation to the IAL, it was already installed in Chinchao, but not in Churubamba. In both districts, the Mapping of actors emphasized three institutions: Municipality, Health and Social Programs (MIDIS), and in a minority, community agents, who know the local problem and develop Goal 4. The Diagnosis included mostly only health and food problems related to Anemia, noting the need to train local agents and verify the work of health personnel. In relation to the Action Plan, it has migrated to prioritize Goal 4. In both districts there was no participation of the community or its leaders (community agents were informed about home visits). The development of the articulated local Management was punctual, although both districts recognize the importance of the articulated work and the IAL, only coordination is observed between Municipality, Health and Social Programs. The willingness and commitment of the authorities allowed for greater community awareness and support for community agents, considering the incentive for home visits. Despite observing committed and sensitized teams, the multisectoral work and the importance of reducing anemia for the well-being of children are not clear.
Anemia in children under 36 months of age is a national public health problem. In July 2018, within the framework of the Multisectoral Plan to combat Anemia (PMLCA), the need for its implementation with territorial management was evident, where the mayor leads and articulates local efforts. It was proposed to know the development of local management and participation of local actors in two districts of Huánuco. A qualitative investigation was carried out in the Huánuco region, in the districts of Churubamba (prioritized by the PMLCA) and Chinchao (not prioritized), both included in Goal 4 MINSA: “Actions to promote adequate nutrition, prevention and reduction of anemia”, which began in March 2019. In each district, based on the Local Articulation Instance (IAL) formed, 8 in-depth interviews and 3 focus groups were conducted, considering the mapping of local actors. The information collected corresponds to the actions of the PMLCA as of the last quarter of 2018, and the fieldwork was carried out during the month of June 2019. The results were grouped into five dimensions: Generation of the IAL, Mapping of actors, Local Diagnosis, Action plan and articulated local management. In relation to the IAL, it was already installed in Chinchao, but not in Churubamba. In both districts, the Mapping of actors emphasized three institutions: Municipality, Health and Social Programs (MIDIS), and in a minority, community agents, who know the local problem and develop Goal 4. The Diagnosis included mostly only health and food problems related to Anemia, noting the need to train local agents and verify the work of health personnel. In relation to the Action Plan, it has migrated to prioritize Goal 4. In both districts there was no participation of the community or its leaders (community agents were informed about home visits). The development of the articulated local Management was punctual, although both districts recognize the importance of the articulated work and the IAL, only coordination is observed between Municipality, Health and Social Programs. The willingness and commitment of the authorities allowed for greater community awareness and support for community agents, considering the incentive for home visits. Despite observing committed and sensitized teams, the multisectoral work and the importance of reducing anemia for the well-being of children are not clear.
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Política alimentaria--Perú--Huánuco, Política de salud--Perú--Huánuco, Desnutrición infantil--Perú--Huánuco, Gobierno local--Perú--Huánuco
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