La legítima defensa preventiva en el derecho internacional contemporáneo
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2023-11-15
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El propósito de esta investigación es sostener que la legítima defensa preventiva por los
Estados no es una excepción a la prohibición del uso de la fuerza en el Derecho
Internacional contemporáneo. Esto se debe a las implicancias que esta interpretación
extensiva del artículo 51 de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas suponen para el
mantenimiento de la paz y seguridad internacionales. A efectos de demostrarlo, se plantea
que, a partir de la evolución histórica y los objetivos y fines de la Carta de las Naciones
Unidas, la prohibición del uso de la fuerza en el Derecho Internacional contemporáneo es
considerada como una norma de ius cogens, aunque cuenta con pocas excepciones.
Seguidamente, se desarrolla la legítima defensa recogida en el artículo 51 de la Carta, que
es contemplada como una de las excepciones a la prohibición del uso de la fuerza y cuyo
contenido y alcance, así como también los requisitos para su ejercicio, son establecidos
tanto por la propia Carta como por la jurisprudencia de la Corte Internacional de Justicia
en atención al derecho consuetudinario. Finalmente, en el último capítulo, se presenta la
figura de la legítima defensa preventiva, desarrollándose tanto su contenido y alcance, así
como los argumentos del sector doctrinal que pretende sustentar esta interpretación
extensiva del artículo 51 de la Carta, los mismos que son refutados con base en el análisis
de los casos seleccionados y las disposiciones vigentes del Derecho Internacional
contemporáneo.
The present research work addresses the doctrine of preemptive self-defense used by the States. As a hypothesis, it is argued that preemptive self-defense is not an exception to the prohibition of the use of force in contemporary International Law, due to the implications that this extensive interpretation of Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations implies for the maintenance of international peace and security. In order to demonstrate this, it is argued that, based on the historical evolution and the objectives and purposes of the Charter of the United Nations, the prohibition of the use of force is considered as a peremptory norm (ius cogens) in contemporary International Law, although it has few exceptions. Hereafter, the right of self-defense contained in article 51 of the Charter is developed, which is considered one of the exceptions to the prohibition of the use of force and whose content and scope, as well as the requirements for its exercise, are established both by the Charter itself and by the jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice in accordance with to customary law. Finally, throughout the third and last chapter, the preemptive self-defense is presented, developing both its content and scope, as well as the arguments of the doctrinal sector that supports this extensive interpretation of article 51 of the Charter, the same that are refuted based on the analysis of the selected cases and the current provisions of contemporary International Law.
The present research work addresses the doctrine of preemptive self-defense used by the States. As a hypothesis, it is argued that preemptive self-defense is not an exception to the prohibition of the use of force in contemporary International Law, due to the implications that this extensive interpretation of Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations implies for the maintenance of international peace and security. In order to demonstrate this, it is argued that, based on the historical evolution and the objectives and purposes of the Charter of the United Nations, the prohibition of the use of force is considered as a peremptory norm (ius cogens) in contemporary International Law, although it has few exceptions. Hereafter, the right of self-defense contained in article 51 of the Charter is developed, which is considered one of the exceptions to the prohibition of the use of force and whose content and scope, as well as the requirements for its exercise, are established both by the Charter itself and by the jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice in accordance with to customary law. Finally, throughout the third and last chapter, the preemptive self-defense is presented, developing both its content and scope, as well as the arguments of the doctrinal sector that supports this extensive interpretation of article 51 of the Charter, the same that are refuted based on the analysis of the selected cases and the current provisions of contemporary International Law.
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Palabras clave
Legítima defensa, Derecho internacional, Naciones Unidas, Paz, Seguridad internacional
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item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
item.page.supplemented
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