La cosa juzgada y sus problemas conceptuales respecto a su “inmutabilidad”: una aproximación al estudio de un sistema de estabilidades procesales
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2022-05-04
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La institución de la cosa juzgada desde sus estudios iniciales demuestra ser muy compleja y
amplia, pasando por el análisis de grandes autores que dedicaron importantes aportes sobre
ella hasta su aplicación en nuestro sistema peruano. El presente trabajo buscará demostrar,
desde una mirada teórico-procesal, el estudio y el análisis de la cosa juzgada, y su aplicación
en el sistema peruano. Asimismo, se cuestionará la característica de “inmutabilidad” de la
cosa juzgada, mostrando diversos mecanismos procesales que demostrarían la posibilidad de
revisar una resolución con autoridad de cosa juzgada en el proceso judicial. En relación a
esto último, habiendo establecido los principales problemas conceptuales que trae dicha
institución, analizaremos la necesidad de estudiar a la seguridad jurídica de una forma
diferente a la tradicionalmente aplicada. Centraremos la atención en comprenderla desde un
enfoque dinámico dentro del proceso y por lo tanto expuesto a cambios, que estarán sujetos
a la realidad de nuestro sistema jurídico. Finalmente, a partir de la tesis del profesor Antonio
do Passo Cabral, postularemos la importancia de dejar de lado la característica de
“inmutabilidad” de la cosa juzgada y proponer un sistema de estabilidades presente en cada
proceso, lo que nos llevará a una solución frente a los problemas conceptuales que atraviesa
la institución de la cosa juzgada.
The institution of res judicata from his initial studies proves to be very complex and extensive, through the analysis of great authors who devoted important contributions to it to its application in our Peruvian system. This work will be sustained in demonstrating from a procedural view-the study and analysis of the res judicata, and its application in the Peruvian system. It also agrees with the "immutability" characteristic of this institution, denting various mechanisms that would set out the possibility of reviewing a resolution with res judicata authority in the judicial process. With regard to the latter, having established the main conceptual problems that come with that institution, we analyze the need to study legal certainty in a different way than traditionally applied. We will focus on understanding from a dynamic approach within the process and therefore exposed to changes, which are subject to the reality of our legal system. Finally, with the help of professor Antonio do Passo Cabral's thesis, the importance of setting aside the "immutability" characteristic of res judicata and proposing a system of stability present in each process is established, which produces a solution to the conceptual problems that go through the institution of res judicata.
The institution of res judicata from his initial studies proves to be very complex and extensive, through the analysis of great authors who devoted important contributions to it to its application in our Peruvian system. This work will be sustained in demonstrating from a procedural view-the study and analysis of the res judicata, and its application in the Peruvian system. It also agrees with the "immutability" characteristic of this institution, denting various mechanisms that would set out the possibility of reviewing a resolution with res judicata authority in the judicial process. With regard to the latter, having established the main conceptual problems that come with that institution, we analyze the need to study legal certainty in a different way than traditionally applied. We will focus on understanding from a dynamic approach within the process and therefore exposed to changes, which are subject to the reality of our legal system. Finally, with the help of professor Antonio do Passo Cabral's thesis, the importance of setting aside the "immutability" characteristic of res judicata and proposing a system of stability present in each process is established, which produces a solution to the conceptual problems that go through the institution of res judicata.
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Cosa juzgada, Nulidad (Derecho), Seguridad (Derecho), Debido proceso--Perú, Derecho civil--Legislación--Perú
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