Acciones para impulsar las compras públicas ambientalmente sostenibles en el Perú
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2017-07-18
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La compra pública es una importante herramienta para incidir en la sostenibilidad
ambiental de la producción y consumo de bienes, servicios, así como de obras. Tanto por
el alto volumen de recursos que moviliza como por su aplicación en todos los sectores y
niveles de gobierno. Sus efectos positivos están siendo demostrados en varios países
desarrollados y en desarrollo. En este trabajo se revisan las experiencias y se elaboran
propuestas orientadas a expandir su aplicación en el Perú.
A nivel internacional existen, por ejemplo, regulaciones y orientaciones de las Naciones
Unidas, de la Unión Europea. En países latinoamericanos se han incluido normativas,
impulsados diversos proyectos e intercambiado experiencias exitosas.
En el caso peruano, este proceso empezó con la Ley General del Ambiente, Ley 28611
del 2005 que introdujo el criterio de asignar mayor puntaje en la selección de proveedores
del Estado que muestren condiciones ambientales adecuadas. La Ley de Contrataciones
del Estado del 2008 incorporó el principio de sostenibilidad ambiental. También está
considerada en varios tratados de libre comercio suscritos por el Perú. Con la nueva ley
de Contrataciones del Estado, Ley 30225 del 2015, se creó la figura de la homologación
de bienes y servicios; y el Organismo Supervisor de las Contrataciones Estatales ha
aprobado bases estándar.
Es necesario, sin embargo, expandir las compras públicas ambientalmente sostenibles en
el Perú, involucrando a todos los actores gubernamentales y privados, mejorando la
conciencia social y empresarial respecto a las ventajas de la producción y consumo
sostenibles. Para ello se propone, entre otros mecanismos, la realización de un Programa
Nacional de Compras Públicas Ambientalmente sostenibles, que regule temas tales como
los criterios y lineamientos, marco institucional, selección y priorización de bienes,
servicios y obras, verificación y validación de bienes y servicios a adquirir, educación y
sensibilización, medición y seguimiento e Informes Anuales.
The public purchase process is an important tool to influence the environmental sustainability of the production and consumption of goods, services, as well as construction projects. Both because of the high volume of resources mobilizedas well as its application in all sectors and levels of government. Its positive effects are being demonstrated in several developed and developing countries. This paper reviews experiences and elaborates proposals aimed at expanding its application in Peru. At international level, for example, there are regulations and guidelines from the United Nations and from the European Union. In Latin American countries, regulations have been included, projects have been promoted and successful experiences exchanged. In the Peruvian case, this process began with the General Environmental Law, Law 28611 from 2005, which introduced the criterion of assigning a higher score in the selection of State suppliers for those that show adequate environmental conditions. The State Contracting Law of 2008 incorporated the principle of environmental sustainability. It is also considered in several free trade agreements signed by Peru. With the new law of State Contracts, Law 30225 from 2015, the figure of the homologation of goods and services was created; and the State Procurement Supervisory Authority has approved standard bases. It is necessary, however, to expand environmentally sustainable public procurement in Peru, involving all governmental and private actors, improving social and business awareness of the benefits of sustainable production and consumption. To this end, it is proposed, among other mechanisms, the implementation of a National Program for Environmentally Sustainable Public Procurement, which regulates subjects such as criteria and guidelines, institutional framework, selection and prioritization of goods, services and construction projects, verification and validation of goods and services to be acquired, education and awareness raising, measurement and monitoring, and Annual Reports.
The public purchase process is an important tool to influence the environmental sustainability of the production and consumption of goods, services, as well as construction projects. Both because of the high volume of resources mobilizedas well as its application in all sectors and levels of government. Its positive effects are being demonstrated in several developed and developing countries. This paper reviews experiences and elaborates proposals aimed at expanding its application in Peru. At international level, for example, there are regulations and guidelines from the United Nations and from the European Union. In Latin American countries, regulations have been included, projects have been promoted and successful experiences exchanged. In the Peruvian case, this process began with the General Environmental Law, Law 28611 from 2005, which introduced the criterion of assigning a higher score in the selection of State suppliers for those that show adequate environmental conditions. The State Contracting Law of 2008 incorporated the principle of environmental sustainability. It is also considered in several free trade agreements signed by Peru. With the new law of State Contracts, Law 30225 from 2015, the figure of the homologation of goods and services was created; and the State Procurement Supervisory Authority has approved standard bases. It is necessary, however, to expand environmentally sustainable public procurement in Peru, involving all governmental and private actors, improving social and business awareness of the benefits of sustainable production and consumption. To this end, it is proposed, among other mechanisms, the implementation of a National Program for Environmentally Sustainable Public Procurement, which regulates subjects such as criteria and guidelines, institutional framework, selection and prioritization of goods, services and construction projects, verification and validation of goods and services to be acquired, education and awareness raising, measurement and monitoring, and Annual Reports.
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Contratación estatal--Perú, Contratos administrativos, Medio ambiente--Protección
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