Factores Críticos de Éxito de una asociación de recicladores en Perú a través del cambio hacia la formalización: Estudio de Caso de la ARSEMIM en el distrito de Miraflores – Lima al 2018
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2020-09-15
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La presente investigación centra su análisis en el actor más débil de la cadena de valor
del reciclaje: los recicladores. Perú es el primer país en el mundo en crear una ley para
los recicladores: Ley que Regula la Actividad de los Recicladores aprobada el 2009.
Desde entonces han surgido numerosas asociaciones de recicladores a lo largo y ancho
del país. Sin embargo, hoy en día la mayoría de ellas presenta una serie de dificultades
para su formalización y sostenibilidad, aspectos que las sitúan en una posición
desventajosa frente al nuevo escenario nacional de fomento de la industria del reciclaje
a raíz de la Ley de Gestión Integral de Residuos Sólidos aprobada el 2016. A través de
esta ley, se promueve y facilita el ingreso del sector privado en el rubro del reciclaje para
su dinamismo. Así, las empresas entrantes a este mercado, en su afán por apropiarse
del material reciclable para su comercialización, competirán con las asociaciones de
recicladores. Por ello, este estudio plantea la necesidad de conocer cuáles son los
aspectos que permitirían cerrar las brechas de formalización en las asociaciones de
recicladores, y así mejorar sus oportunidades de crecimiento y sostenibilidad. La forma
de investigación es un Estudio de Caso de la Asociación de Recicladores Señor de los
Milagros de Miraflores [ARSEMIM] que trabaja conjuntamente con el Programa Basura
que no es Basura de la Municipalidad de Miraflores (Lima). Primero se analizan las
variables que estuvieron presentes en la etapa inicial de los recicladores siendo
informales, y luego se examinan aquellas variables que formaron parte de los
recicladores en su etapa formal y asociativa. Las técnicas e instrumentos de recojo de
información empleadas son: entrevistas semiestructuradas, taller de línea de tiempo,
observación de campo y revisión documental. Como resultado de este estudio, se
identifican los factores críticos de éxito de la ARSEMIM, a raíz de su proceso de cambio
hacia la formalización, que estarían contribuyendo a su sostenibilidad.
This research focuses its analysis on the weakest link in the recycling value chain: the waste pickers. Peru is the first country in the world to enact a law for waste pickers called the Waste Picker Regulation Act, which was passed in 2009. Since then, numerous waste picker associations have risen up all across the country. However, today most of them are confronted with a series of difficulties with their formalization and sustainability. This situation places them at a disadvantage within the new national stage as the recycling industry develops under the Integrated Solid Waste Management Act passed in 2016. The law promotes and facilitates the entry of the private sector in order to move the industry forward. Thus, companies entering the market in their quest to obtain recycling material for processing will compete with the waste picker associations. For this reason, the study proposes the need to know what is required to help the waste picker associations close the gaps in order to attain formalization, and so improve their opportunities for growth and sustainability. The researchers for the “Señor de los Milagros de Miraflores” [ARSEMIM] Waste Picker Association Case Study work jointly with the Trash Program, which is not part of the Miraflores Municipality Trash (Lima). First, the study analyzes the variables present at the initial stage when waste pickers were informal, and later examines the variables that are part of the waste pickers’ formal stage as an association. The data collection techniques and tools are: semi-structured interviews, a timeline workshop, field observation, and a review of documents. The study’s results will identify ARSEMIM’s critical success factors based on the process of change towards formalization that would contribute to their sustainability.
This research focuses its analysis on the weakest link in the recycling value chain: the waste pickers. Peru is the first country in the world to enact a law for waste pickers called the Waste Picker Regulation Act, which was passed in 2009. Since then, numerous waste picker associations have risen up all across the country. However, today most of them are confronted with a series of difficulties with their formalization and sustainability. This situation places them at a disadvantage within the new national stage as the recycling industry develops under the Integrated Solid Waste Management Act passed in 2016. The law promotes and facilitates the entry of the private sector in order to move the industry forward. Thus, companies entering the market in their quest to obtain recycling material for processing will compete with the waste picker associations. For this reason, the study proposes the need to know what is required to help the waste picker associations close the gaps in order to attain formalization, and so improve their opportunities for growth and sustainability. The researchers for the “Señor de los Milagros de Miraflores” [ARSEMIM] Waste Picker Association Case Study work jointly with the Trash Program, which is not part of the Miraflores Municipality Trash (Lima). First, the study analyzes the variables present at the initial stage when waste pickers were informal, and later examines the variables that are part of the waste pickers’ formal stage as an association. The data collection techniques and tools are: semi-structured interviews, a timeline workshop, field observation, and a review of documents. The study’s results will identify ARSEMIM’s critical success factors based on the process of change towards formalization that would contribute to their sustainability.
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Recicladores--Perú--Lima, Asociaciones--Gestión, Sector informal (Economía)
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