Estudio multicriterio de la inversión de un proyecto de Energía Eólica
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2021-08-13
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La inversión de proyectos de energías renovables es un mecanismo para
incentivar medidas y actividades limpias que ayuden a contrarrestar los daños
causados por actividades energéticas generadas por combustibles fósiles. La
literatura señala que este tipo de inversión es una gran fuente para generar
ingresos, puesto que los proyectos de parques eólicos son proyectos de alta
rentabilidad y retorno de recuperación de capital de corto-mediano plazo. Los
ingresos del proyecto son dirigidos tanto a los dueños de este como a los
residentes de la zona del proyecto, lo que genera conlleva a una mejora en la
calidad de vida de los habitantes. Sin embargo, debido a las características del
proyecto, la perspectiva social y ambiental son ámbitos importantes que se
deben tomar en cuenta para intentar afirmar que los proyectos eólicos son
realmente beneficiosos, pues surgen problemas que no son tomados en cuenta
al priorizar principalmente los beneficios económicos. Es por ello que, los
objetivos del presente trabajo de investigación son el estudio de los costos y
beneficios del proyecto, la determinación de los ganadores y perdedores del
proyecto, y, el planteamiento del impacto socioambiental del proyecto. Para ello,
se ha escogido el proyecto de parque eólico San Juan para su evaluación.
Primero se procede con una evaluación económica a partir de un flujo de caja
económico para analizar la rentabilidad del proyecto y luego se analiza el
contexto socioambiental a través de una evaluación preliminar derivada del
método de evaluación social multicriterio. A partir de estas evaluaciones se
concluye que el proyecto analizado es rentable en un mediano plazo, además
contribuye a la no contaminación de emisiones lo que lo hace una buena medida
de incentivo de inversión, sin embargo, hay la posibilidad de que surjan conflictos
sociales por una mala distribución de ingresos y dominios de las tierras.
Investing in renewable energy projects is a mechanism to encourage clean measures and activities that help counteract the damage caused by energy activities generated by fossil fuels. The literature indicates that this type of investment is a great source to generate income, since wind farm projects are projects with high profitability and return on capital recovery in the short medium term. The income of the project is directed both to the owners of this and to the residents of the project area, which generates an improvement in the quality of life of the inhabitants. However, due to trying the characteristics of the project, the social and environmental perspective are important areas that must be considered to affirm that wind projects are in fact beneficial, since problems arise that are not considered when prioritizing mainly economic benefits. That is why the objectives of this research work are the study of the costs and benefits of the project, the determination of the winners and losers of the project, and the approach to the socio-environmental impact of the project. For this, the San Juan wind farm project has been chosen for its evaluation. First, an economic evaluation is carried out from an economic cash flow to analyze the profitability of the project and then the socio-environmental context is analyzed through a preliminary evaluation derived from the social multi-criteria evaluation method. From these evaluations, it is concluded that the analyzed project is profitable in the medium term, in addition to contributing to the non-pollution of emissions, which makes it a good investment incentive measure, however, there is the possibility that social conflicts may arise due to poor distribution of income and land ownership.
Investing in renewable energy projects is a mechanism to encourage clean measures and activities that help counteract the damage caused by energy activities generated by fossil fuels. The literature indicates that this type of investment is a great source to generate income, since wind farm projects are projects with high profitability and return on capital recovery in the short medium term. The income of the project is directed both to the owners of this and to the residents of the project area, which generates an improvement in the quality of life of the inhabitants. However, due to trying the characteristics of the project, the social and environmental perspective are important areas that must be considered to affirm that wind projects are in fact beneficial, since problems arise that are not considered when prioritizing mainly economic benefits. That is why the objectives of this research work are the study of the costs and benefits of the project, the determination of the winners and losers of the project, and the approach to the socio-environmental impact of the project. For this, the San Juan wind farm project has been chosen for its evaluation. First, an economic evaluation is carried out from an economic cash flow to analyze the profitability of the project and then the socio-environmental context is analyzed through a preliminary evaluation derived from the social multi-criteria evaluation method. From these evaluations, it is concluded that the analyzed project is profitable in the medium term, in addition to contributing to the non-pollution of emissions, which makes it a good investment incentive measure, however, there is the possibility that social conflicts may arise due to poor distribution of income and land ownership.
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Energía eólica--Perú, Proyectos de desarrollo económico--Perú, Análisis del impacto ambiental--Perú
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