3. Licenciatura

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://54.81.141.168/handle/123456789/7312

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  • Ítem
    The effects of fiscal windfalls on corrruption and selection into politics: evidence from the Peruvian commodity boom (2003-2014)
    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019-08-26) Guerrero Amezaga, Maria Elena; Orihuela Paredes, José Carlos
    Some resource-dependent countries experience substantial increases in government revenue during natural resource booms. Recent theoretical and empirical contributions (Robinson et al. 2006, Brollo et al. 2013) have argued that such abundance of windfalls can have a negative effect on the functioning of local institutions. In particular, abundance of windfalls could increase the incidence of corruption because their presence aggravates the moral hazard problem that exists between citizens and their elected authorities. This is so because an increased budget means that officials can appropiate rents illegally without compromising their obligations with the electorate, thus distorting the inferences that citizens make about their authorities’ competence. Furthermore, such agency problem could be aggravated by the self-selection of relatively worse candidates entering politics (assuming rents are more valuable for the relatively less skilled), because incumbent mayors (including corrupt ones) would face weaker competition. Exploiting substantial time and spatial variation in the amount of mining-related transfers received by the districts of Peru during the 2000s commodity boom, I implement a difference-in-differences strategy to put the mentioned theory to test. I find evidence supporting the hypothesis of a non-monotonic effect of windfalls on the incidence of corruption, and a negative effect of windfalls on the quality of candidates drawn to challenge incumbents and compete for public office. I do not find strong evidence of the theorized relationship between the two phenomena, but I propose further research pathways to improve our understanding of the results.
  • ÍtemDesconocido
    Los efectos de la descentralización fiscal sobre la pobreza a nivel de gobiernos subnacionales en el periodo 2007 - 2015
    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018-07-06) Rosadio Garcés, Josué Ernesto; Murga Pinillos, Aurea Ysabel
    La presente investigación aporta evidencia para la discusión respecto a los efectos de la descentralización fiscal sobre la población en condición de pobreza existente en las regiones del país1. Se argumenta que la descentralización fiscal, llevada a cabo de forma parcial y basada en transferencias, ha contribuido a la reducción de la pobreza mediante canales como el acceso de la población a servicios sociales e infraestructura, el gasto en inversión eficiente y focalizado, y el empleo generado por la inversión pública que realizan los gobiernos subnacionales. Para el análisis se emplea un modelo de datos de panel a nivel regional para los años 2007-2015, el cual es estimado mediante la metodología de efectos fijos (FE), efectos aleatorios (RE) y mínimos cuadrados en dos etapas (G2SLS-IV). Los resultados sostienen, de manera significativa, la hipótesis que la descentralización fiscal ha contribuido a disminuir las tasas de pobreza observadas en las regiones, según las tres estimaciones utilizadas